Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
населить
бездельничать
вздвоить
выключиться
выровняться
глохнуть
задержаться
запереться
засадить
застопориться
затормозиться
крепиться
молчать
насадить
нахохлиться
остановиться
остаться
отшуметь
перестать
поместиться
посадить
поселиться
потупиться
прерваться
пристать
пристроиться
пробавляться
ставить
стопориться
уняться
усмириться
English
Ness
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: ch'eze
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
168520
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1218
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
чӀана
[t͡ʃʼana]
🔒
634
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
чӀачӀо
[t͡ʃʼat͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чӀила
[t͡ʃʼila]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чӀиларо
[t͡ʃʼilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чӀола
[t͡ʃʼola]
🔒
210
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
чӀоларо
[t͡ʃʼolaro]
🔒
84
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чӀолаан
[t͡ʃʼolajan]
🔒
68
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
чӀолароан
[t͡ʃʼolarojan]
🔒
31
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чӀа
[t͡ʃʼa]
🔒
90
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чӀоге
[t͡ʃʼoge]
🔒
38
|
|||
| Optative |
чӀаги
[t͡ʃʼagi]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чӀогеги
[t͡ʃʼogegi]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Hortative |
чӀейзин
[t͡ʃʼejzin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чӀани
[t͡ʃʼani]
🔒
75
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чӀачӀони
[t͡ʃʼat͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀанищ
[t͡ʃʼaniʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀачӀищ
[t͡ʃʼat͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀолищ
[t͡ʃʼoliʃː]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀоларищ
[t͡ʃʼolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀилищ
[t͡ʃʼiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀиларищ
[t͡ʃʼilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чӀарав
/[t͡ʃʼaraw]/
🔒
218
|
чӀарай
/[t͡ʃʼaraj]/
🔒
40
|
чӀараб
/[t͡ʃʼarab]/
🔒
544
|
чӀарал
/[t͡ʃʼaral]/
🔒
696
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чӀачӀев
/[t͡ʃʼat͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
чӀачӀей
/[t͡ʃʼat͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
чӀачӀеб
/[t͡ʃʼat͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
чӀачӀел
/[t͡ʃʼat͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чӀолев
/[t͡ʃʼolew]/
🔒
30
|
чӀолей
/[t͡ʃʼolej]/
🔒
10
|
чӀолеб
/[t͡ʃʼoleb]/
🔒
171
|
чӀолел
/[t͡ʃʼolel]/
🔒
120
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чӀоларев
/[t͡ʃʼolarew]/
🔒
18
|
чӀоларей
/[t͡ʃʼolarej]/
🔒
4
|
чӀолареб
/[t͡ʃʼolareb]/
🔒
28
|
чӀоларел
/[t͡ʃʼolarel]/
🔒
16
|
| Future Participle |
чӀилев
/[t͡ʃʼilew]/
0
|
чӀилей
/[t͡ʃʼilej]/
0
|
чӀилеб
/[t͡ʃʼileb]/
0
|
чӀилел
/[t͡ʃʼilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чӀиларев
/[t͡ʃʼilarew]/
0
|
чӀиларей
/[t͡ʃʼilarej]/
0
|
чӀилареб
/[t͡ʃʼilareb]/
0
|
чӀиларел
/[t͡ʃʼilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чӀезехъин
[t͡ʃʼezeq͡χːin]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чӀезехъинро
[t͡ʃʼezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чӀаяв
/[t͡ʃʼajaw]/
0
|
чӀаяй
/[t͡ʃʼajaj]/
0
|
чӀаяб
/[t͡ʃʼajab]/
0
|
чӀаял
/[t͡ʃʼajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чӀарав
218
|
чӀарай
40
|
чӀараб
544
|
чӀарал
696
|
| Ergative |
чӀарас
0
|
чӀаралъ
1
|
чӀаралъ
1
|
чӀараз
21
|
| Genitive |
чӀарасул
1
|
чӀаралъул
17
|
чӀаралъул
17
|
чӀаразул
39
|
| Dative |
чӀарасе
2
|
чӀаралъе
1
|
чӀаралъе
1
|
чӀаразе
23
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чӀарасда
5
|
чӀаралъда
0
|
чӀаралъда
0
|
чӀаразда
17
|
| Allative (-де) |
чӀарасде
0
|
чӀаралъде
0
|
чӀаралъде
0
|
чӀаразде
2
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чӀарасдаса
0
|
чӀаралъдаса
0
|
чӀаралъдаса
0
|
чӀараздаса
1
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чӀарасдасан
0
|
чӀаралъдасан
0
|
чӀаралъдасан
0
|
чӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чӀарасухъ
0
|
чӀаралъухъ
7
|
чӀаралъухъ
7
|
чӀаразухъ
1
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чӀарасухъе
0
|
чӀаралъухъе
0
|
чӀаралъухъе
0
|
чӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чӀарасухъа
0
|
чӀаралъухъа
0
|
чӀаралъухъа
0
|
чӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чӀарасухъан
0
|
чӀаралъухъан
0
|
чӀаралъухъан
0
|
чӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чӀарасулъ
0
|
чӀаралъулъ
0
|
чӀаралъулъ
0
|
чӀаразулъ
1
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чӀарасулъе
0
|
чӀаралъулъе
0
|
чӀаралъулъе
0
|
чӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чӀарасулъа
0
|
чӀаралъулъа
0
|
чӀаралъулъа
0
|
чӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чӀарасулъан
0
|
чӀаралъулъан
0
|
чӀаралъулъан
0
|
чӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чӀарасукь
0
|
чӀаралъукь
0
|
чӀаралъукь
0
|
чӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чӀарасукье
0
|
чӀаралъукье
0
|
чӀаралъукье
0
|
чӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чӀарасукьа
0
|
чӀаралъукьа
0
|
чӀаралъукьа
0
|
чӀаразукьа
1
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чӀарасукьан
0
|
чӀаралъукьан
0
|
чӀаралъукьан
0
|
чӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чӀон
[t͡ʃʼon]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чӀун
[t͡ʃʼun]
🔒
1762
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чӀачӀого
[t͡ʃʼat͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чӀолаго
[t͡ʃʼolago]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чӀоларого
[t͡ʃʼolarogo]
🔒
12
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чӀей
[t͡ʃʼej]
🔒
251
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чӀезе
[t͡ʃʼeze]
🔒
1218
|
|||
| Causative |
чӀезавизе
/[t͡ʃʼezawize]/
🔒
21
|
чӀезайизе
/[t͡ʃʼezajize]/
🔒
5
|
чӀезабизе
/[t͡ʃʼezabize]/
🔒
492
|
чӀезаризе
/[t͡ʃʼezarize]/
🔒
206
|
| Causative Negative |
чӀезавуларо
/[t͡ʃʼezawularo]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезайуларо
/[t͡ʃʼezajularo]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабуларо
/[t͡ʃʼezabularo]/
🔒
4
|
чӀезаруларо
/[t͡ʃʼezarularo]/
🔒
1
|
| Durative |
чӀедаризе
[t͡ʃʼedarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чӀедариларо
[t͡ʃʼedarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чӀе-чӀезе
[t͡ʃʼe-t͡ʃʼeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чӀе-чӀеларо
[t͡ʃʼe-t͡ʃʼelaro]
0
|
|||