Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
аккумулировать
бальзамировать
беречь
блюсти
бронировать
гарантировать
дорожить
жалеть
заслониться
застраховать
защитить
защититься
караулить
ломить
оберегать
обеспечить
отстоять
охранять
поберечь
поддержать
пожалеть
постоять
предохранить
приберечь
сберечь
соблюдать
содержать
сохранить
стеречь
страховать
уберечь
удержать
хранить
English
accumulate
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ts'unize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
168886
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1596
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
цӀунана
[t͡sˀunana]
🔒
166
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀуничӀо
[t͡sˀunit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀунила
[t͡sˀunila]
🔒
39
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀуниларо
[t͡sˀunilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀунула
[t͡sˀunula]
🔒
113
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀунуларо
[t͡sˀunularo]
🔒
11
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀунулаан
[t͡sʼunulajan]
🔒
13
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀунулароан
[t͡sʼunularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀуне
[t͡sˀune]
🔒
168
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀунуге
[t͡sˀunuge]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀунеги
[t͡sʼunegi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀунугеги
[t͡sˀunugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀунизин
[t͡sˀunizin]
🔒
6
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀунани
[t͡sˀunani]
🔒
29
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀуничӀони
[t͡sˀunit͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
28
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀунанищ
[t͡sˀunaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀуничӀищ
[t͡sˀunit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀунулищ
[t͡sˀunuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀунуларищ
[t͡sˀunulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀунилищ
[t͡sˀuniliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀуниларищ
[t͡sˀunilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀунарав
/[t͡sˀunaraw]/
🔒
83
|
цӀунарай
/[t͡sˀunaraj]/
🔒
25
|
цӀунараб
/[t͡sˀunarab]/
🔒
182
|
цӀунарал
/[t͡sˀunaral]/
🔒
140
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀуничӀев
/[t͡sˀunit͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
4
|
цӀуничӀей
/[t͡sˀunit͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
0
|
цӀуничӀеб
/[t͡sˀunit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
5
|
цӀуничӀел
/[t͡sˀunit͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
9
|
| Present Participle |
цӀунулев
/[t͡sˀunulew]/
🔒
97
|
цӀунулей
/[t͡sˀunulej]/
🔒
26
|
цӀунулеб
/[t͡sˀunuleb]/
🔒
313
|
цӀунулел
/[t͡sˀunulel]/
🔒
321
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀунуларев
/[t͡sˀunularew]/
🔒
0
|
цӀунуларей
/[t͡sˀunularej]/
🔒
0
|
цӀунулареб
/[t͡sˀunulareb]/
🔒
13
|
цӀунуларел
/[t͡sˀunularel]/
🔒
3
|
| Future Participle |
цӀунилев
/[t͡sˀunilew]/
🔒
2
|
цӀунилей
/[t͡sˀunilej]/
🔒
0
|
цӀунилеб
/[t͡sˀunileb]/
🔒
12
|
цӀунилел
/[t͡sˀunilel]/
🔒
8
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀуниларев
/[t͡sˀunilarew]/
0
|
цӀуниларей
/[t͡sˀunilarej]/
0
|
цӀунилареб
/[t͡sˀunilareb]/
0
|
цӀуниларел
/[t͡sˀunilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀунизехъин
[t͡sˀunizeq͡χːin]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀунизехъинро
[t͡sˀunizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀунеяв
/[t͡sˀunejaw]/
0
|
цӀунеяй
/[t͡sˀunejaj]/
0
|
цӀунеяб
/[t͡sˀunejab]/
0
|
цӀунеял
/[t͡sʼunejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀунарав
83
|
цӀунарай
25
|
цӀунараб
182
|
цӀунарал
140
|
| Ergative |
цӀунарас
0
|
цӀунаралъ
1
|
цӀунаралъ
1
|
цӀунараз
1
|
| Genitive |
цӀунарасул
0
|
цӀунаралъул
1
|
цӀунаралъул
1
|
цӀунаразул
7
|
| Dative |
цӀунарасе
0
|
цӀунаралъе
0
|
цӀунаралъе
0
|
цӀунаразе
2
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀунарасда
0
|
цӀунаралъда
0
|
цӀунаралъда
0
|
цӀунаразда
1
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀунарасде
0
|
цӀунаралъде
0
|
цӀунаралъде
0
|
цӀунаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀунарасдаса
0
|
цӀунаралъдаса
0
|
цӀунаралъдаса
0
|
цӀунараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀунарасдасан
0
|
цӀунаралъдасан
0
|
цӀунаралъдасан
0
|
цӀунараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀунарасухъ
0
|
цӀунаралъухъ
18
|
цӀунаралъухъ
18
|
цӀунаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀунарасухъе
0
|
цӀунаралъухъе
0
|
цӀунаралъухъе
0
|
цӀунаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀунарасухъа
0
|
цӀунаралъухъа
0
|
цӀунаралъухъа
0
|
цӀунаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀунарасухъан
0
|
цӀунаралъухъан
0
|
цӀунаралъухъан
0
|
цӀунаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀунарасулъ
0
|
цӀунаралъулъ
0
|
цӀунаралъулъ
0
|
цӀунаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀунарасулъе
0
|
цӀунаралъулъе
0
|
цӀунаралъулъе
0
|
цӀунаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀунарасулъа
0
|
цӀунаралъулъа
0
|
цӀунаралъулъа
0
|
цӀунаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀунарасулъан
0
|
цӀунаралъулъан
0
|
цӀунаралъулъан
0
|
цӀунаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀунарасукь
0
|
цӀунаралъукь
0
|
цӀунаралъукь
0
|
цӀунаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀунарасукье
0
|
цӀунаралъукье
0
|
цӀунаралъукье
0
|
цӀунаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀунарасукьа
0
|
цӀунаралъукьа
0
|
цӀунаралъукьа
0
|
цӀунаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀунарасукьан
0
|
цӀунаралъукьан
0
|
цӀунаралъукьан
0
|
цӀунаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀунун
[t͡sʼunun]
🔒
1109
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀунун
[t͡sˀunun]
🔒
1109
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀуничӀого
[t͡sˀunit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
40
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀунулаго
[t͡sˀunulago]
🔒
121
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀунуларого
[t͡sˀunularogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀуни
[t͡sˀuni]
🔒
484
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀунизе
[t͡sˀunize]
🔒
1596
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀунизавизе
/[t͡sʼunizawize]/
0
|
цӀунизайизе
/[t͡sʼunizajize]/
0
|
цӀунизабизе
/[t͡sˀunizabize]/
0
|
цӀунизаризе
/[t͡sʼunizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀунизавуларо
/[t͡sʼunizawularo]/
0
|
цӀунизайуларо
/[t͡sʼunizajularo]/
0
|
цӀунизабуларо
/[t͡sˀunizabularo]/
0
|
цӀунизаруларо
/[t͡sʼunizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀуниаризе
[t͡sˀunijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀуниариларо
[t͡sˀunijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀун-цӀунизе
[t͡sˀun-t͡sˀunize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀун-цӀуниларо
[t͡sˀun-t͡sˀunilaro]
0
|
|||