Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
вздыхать
кряхтеть
охать
простонать
стонать
English
gasp
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
VC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: uhdize
Derivation Method
Derivation Suffix
-д-
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
169505
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
3
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
угьдана
[ʔuhdana]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
угьдичӀо
[ʔuhdit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
угьдила
[ʔuhdila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
угьдиларо
[ʔuhdilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
угьдула
[ʔuhdula]
🔒
10
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
угьдуларо
[ʔuhdularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
угьдулаан
[ʔuhdulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
угьдулароан
[ʔuhdularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
угьде
[ʔuhde]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
угьдуге
[ʔuhduge]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Optative |
угьдеги
[ʔuhdegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
угьдугеги
[ʔuhdugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
угьдизин
[ʔuhdizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
угьдани
[ʔuhdani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
угьдичӀони
[ʔuhdit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
угьданищ
[ʔuhdaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
угьдичӀищ
[ʔuhdit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
угьдулищ
[ʔuhduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
угьдуларищ
[ʔuhdulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
угьдилищ
[ʔuhdiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
угьдиларищ
[ʔuhdilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
угьдарав
/[ʔuhdaraw]/
🔒
2
|
угьдарай
/[ʔuhdaraj]/
🔒
0
|
угьдараб
/[ʔuhdarab]/
🔒
1
|
угьдарал
/[ʔuhdaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
угьдичӀев
/[ʔuhdit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
угьдичӀей
/[ʔuhdit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
угьдичӀеб
/[ʔuhdit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
угьдичӀел
/[ʔuhdit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
угьдулев
/[ʔuhdulew]/
🔒
3
|
угьдулей
/[ʔuhdulej]/
🔒
1
|
угьдулеб
/[ʔuhduleb]/
🔒
11
|
угьдулел
/[ʔuhdulel]/
🔒
4
|
| Present Participle Negative |
угьдуларев
/[ʔuhdularew]/
🔒
0
|
угьдуларей
/[ʔuhdularej]/
🔒
0
|
угьдулареб
/[ʔuhdulareb]/
🔒
1
|
угьдуларел
/[ʔuhdularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
угьдилев
/[ʔuhdilew]/
🔒
1
|
угьдилей
/[ʔuhdilej]/
🔒
0
|
угьдилеб
/[ʔuhdileb]/
🔒
5
|
угьдилел
/[ʔuhdilel]/
🔒
6
|
| Future Participle Negative |
угьдиларев
/[ʔuhdilarew]/
0
|
угьдиларей
/[ʔuhdilarej]/
0
|
угьдилареб
/[ʔuhdilareb]/
0
|
угьдиларел
/[ʔuhdilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
угьдизехъин
[ʔuhdizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
угьдизехъинро
[ʔuhdizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
угьдеяв
/[ʔuhdejaw]/
0
|
угьдеяй
/[ʔuhdejaj]/
0
|
угьдеяб
/[ʔuhdejab]/
0
|
угьдеял
/[ʔuhdejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
угьдарав
2
|
угьдарай
0
|
угьдараб
1
|
угьдарал
1
|
| Ergative |
угьдарас
0
|
угьдаралъ
0
|
угьдаралъ
0
|
угьдараз
0
|
| Genitive |
угьдарасул
0
|
угьдаралъул
0
|
угьдаралъул
0
|
угьдаразул
0
|
| Dative |
угьдарасе
0
|
угьдаралъе
0
|
угьдаралъе
0
|
угьдаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
угьдарасда
0
|
угьдаралъда
0
|
угьдаралъда
0
|
угьдаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
угьдарасде
0
|
угьдаралъде
0
|
угьдаралъде
0
|
угьдаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
угьдарасдаса
0
|
угьдаралъдаса
0
|
угьдаралъдаса
0
|
угьдараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
угьдарасдасан
0
|
угьдаралъдасан
0
|
угьдаралъдасан
0
|
угьдараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
угьдарасухъ
0
|
угьдаралъухъ
0
|
угьдаралъухъ
0
|
угьдаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
угьдарасухъе
0
|
угьдаралъухъе
0
|
угьдаралъухъе
0
|
угьдаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
угьдарасухъа
0
|
угьдаралъухъа
0
|
угьдаралъухъа
0
|
угьдаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
угьдарасухъан
0
|
угьдаралъухъан
0
|
угьдаралъухъан
0
|
угьдаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
угьдарасулъ
0
|
угьдаралъулъ
0
|
угьдаралъулъ
0
|
угьдаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
угьдарасулъе
0
|
угьдаралъулъе
0
|
угьдаралъулъе
0
|
угьдаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
угьдарасулъа
0
|
угьдаралъулъа
0
|
угьдаралъулъа
0
|
угьдаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
угьдарасулъан
0
|
угьдаралъулъан
0
|
угьдаралъулъан
0
|
угьдаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
угьдарасукь
0
|
угьдаралъукь
0
|
угьдаралъукь
0
|
угьдаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
угьдарасукье
0
|
угьдаралъукье
0
|
угьдаралъукье
0
|
угьдаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
угьдарасукьа
0
|
угьдаралъукьа
0
|
угьдаралъукьа
0
|
угьдаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
угьдарасукьан
0
|
угьдаралъукьан
0
|
угьдаралъукьан
0
|
угьдаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
угьдун
[ʔuhdun]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
угьдун
[ʔuhdun]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
угьдичӀого
[ʔuhdit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
угьдулаго
[ʔuhdulago]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
угьдуларого
[ʔuhdularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
угьди
[ʔuhdi]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Infinitive |
угьдизе
[ʔuhdize]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Causative |
угьдизавизе
/[ʔuhdizawize]/
0
|
угьдизайизе
/[ʔuhdizajize]/
0
|
угьдизабизе
/[ʔuhdizabize]/
0
|
угьдизаризе
/[ʔuhdizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
угьдизавуларо
/[ʔuhdizawularo]/
0
|
угьдизайуларо
/[ʔuhdizajularo]/
0
|
угьдизабуларо
/[ʔuhdizabularo]/
0
|
угьдизаруларо
/[ʔuhdizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
угьдиаризе
[ʔuhdijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
угьдиариларо
[ʔuhdijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
угьд-угьдизе
[ʔuhd-uhdize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
угьд-угьдиларо
[ʔuhd-uhdilaro]
0
|
|||