Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
барахтаться
English
flounder
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CCV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: ch'va-ch'vadize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
169699
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadulew wugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadulej jigo]/ |
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwaduleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwaduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
чӀва-чӀвадана
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
чӀва-чӀвадичӀо
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чӀва-чӀвадила
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чӀва-чӀвадиларо
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чӀва-чӀвадула
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
чӀва-чӀвадуларо
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чӀва-чӀвадулаан
[t͡ʃʼwa-t͡ʃʼwadulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
чӀва-чӀвадулароан
[t͡ʃʼwa-t͡ʃʼwadularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чӀва-чӀваде
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwade]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чӀва-чӀвадуге
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwaduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чӀва-чӀвадеги
[t͡ʃʼwa-t͡ʃʼwadegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чӀва-чӀвадугеги
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чӀва-чӀвадизин
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чӀва-чӀвадани
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чӀва-чӀвадичӀони
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀва-чӀваданищ
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀва-чӀвадичӀищ
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀва-чӀвадулищ
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwaduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀва-чӀвадуларищ
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀва-чӀвадилищ
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀва-чӀвадиларищ
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чӀва-чӀвадарав
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadaraw]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадарай
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadaraj]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадараб
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadarab]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадарал
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чӀва-чӀвадичӀев
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадичӀей
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадичӀеб
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадичӀел
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чӀва-чӀвадулев
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadulew]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадулей
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadulej]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадулеб
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwaduleb]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадулел
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чӀва-чӀвадуларев
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadularew]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадуларей
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadularej]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадулареб
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadulareb]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадуларел
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
чӀва-чӀвадилев
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadilew]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадилей
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadilej]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадилеб
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadileb]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадилел
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чӀва-чӀвадиларев
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadilarew]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадиларей
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadilarej]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадилареб
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadilareb]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадиларел
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чӀва-чӀвадизехъин
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чӀва-чӀвадизехъинро
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чӀва-чӀвадеяв
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadejaw]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадеяй
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadejaj]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадеяб
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadejab]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадеял
/[t͡ʃʼwa-t͡ʃʼwadejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чӀва-чӀвадарав
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадарай
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадараб
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадарал
0
|
| Ergative |
чӀва-чӀвадарас
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъ
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъ
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадараз
0
|
| Genitive |
чӀва-чӀвадарасул
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъул
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъул
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразул
0
|
| Dative |
чӀва-чӀвадарасе
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъе
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъе
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасда
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъда
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъда
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасде
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъде
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъде
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасдаса
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъдаса
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъдаса
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасдасан
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъдасан
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъдасан
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасухъ
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъухъ
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъухъ
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасухъе
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъухъе
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъухъе
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасухъа
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъухъа
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъухъа
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасухъан
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъухъан
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъухъан
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасулъ
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъулъ
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъулъ
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасулъе
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъулъе
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъулъе
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасулъа
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъулъа
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъулъа
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасулъан
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъулъан
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъулъан
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасукь
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъукь
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъукь
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасукье
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъукье
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъукье
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасукьа
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъукьа
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъукьа
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чӀва-чӀвадарасукьан
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъукьан
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаралъукьан
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чӀва-чӀвадун
[t͡ʃʼwa-t͡ʃʼwadun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чӀва-чӀвадун
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чӀва-чӀвадичӀого
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чӀва-чӀвадулаго
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чӀва-чӀвадуларого
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чӀва-чӀвади
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чӀва-чӀвадизе
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
чӀва-чӀвадизавизе
/[t͡ʃʼwa-t͡ʃʼwadizawize]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадизайизе
/[t͡ʃʼwa-t͡ʃʼwadizajize]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадизабизе
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadizabize]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадизаризе
/[t͡ʃʼwa-t͡ʃʼwadizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
чӀва-чӀвадизавуларо
/[t͡ʃʼwa-t͡ʃʼwadizawularo]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадизайуларо
/[t͡ʃʼwa-t͡ʃʼwadizajularo]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадизабуларо
/[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadizabularo]/
0
|
чӀва-чӀвадизаруларо
/[t͡ʃʼwa-t͡ʃʼwadizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чӀва-чӀвадиаризе
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чӀва-чӀвадиариларо
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чӀва-чӀвад-чӀва-чӀвадизе
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwad-t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чӀва-чӀвад-чӀва-чӀвадиларо
[t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwad-t͡ʃˀwa-t͡ʃˀwadilaro]
0
|
|||