Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
бить
биться
валить
взломать
выморить
вытравить
громить
дробить
измельчить
истребить
колотить
колоть
косить
крушить
ломать
ломить
набить
наколоть
перевести
перебить
поколоть
проломить
разбить
разбиться
раздробить
разломать
размозжить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ghurize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
171285
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
30
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
гъурана
[ʁurana]
🔒
44
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гъуричӀо
[ʁurit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гъурила
[ʁurila]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гъуриларо
[ʁurilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гъурула
[ʁurula]
🔒
19
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гъуруларо
[ʁurularo]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гъурулаан
[ʁurulajan]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гъурулароан
[ʁurularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гъуре
[ʁure]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гъуруге
[ʁuruge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гъуреги
[ʁuregi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гъуругеги
[ʁurugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гъуризин
[ʁurizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гъурани
[ʁurani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гъуричӀони
[ʁurit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гъуранищ
[ʁuraniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гъуричӀищ
[ʁurit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гъурулищ
[ʁuruliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гъуруларищ
[ʁurulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гъурилищ
[ʁuriliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гъуриларищ
[ʁurilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гъурарав
/[ʁuraraw]/
🔒
5
|
гъурарай
/[ʁuraraj]/
🔒
0
|
гъурараб
/[ʁurarab]/
🔒
18
|
гъурарал
/[ʁuraral]/
🔒
20
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гъуричӀев
/[ʁurit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гъуричӀей
/[ʁurit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гъуричӀеб
/[ʁurit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гъуричӀел
/[ʁurit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гъурулев
/[ʁurulew]/
🔒
3
|
гъурулей
/[ʁurulej]/
🔒
0
|
гъурулеб
/[ʁuruleb]/
🔒
17
|
гъурулел
/[ʁurulel]/
🔒
18
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гъуруларев
/[ʁurularew]/
0
|
гъуруларей
/[ʁurularej]/
0
|
гъурулареб
/[ʁurulareb]/
0
|
гъуруларел
/[ʁurularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гъурилев
/[ʁurilew]/
0
|
гъурилей
/[ʁurilej]/
0
|
гъурилеб
/[ʁurileb]/
0
|
гъурилел
/[ʁurilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гъуриларев
/[ʁurilarew]/
0
|
гъуриларей
/[ʁurilarej]/
0
|
гъурилареб
/[ʁurilareb]/
0
|
гъуриларел
/[ʁurilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гъуризехъин
[ʁurizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гъуризехъинро
[ʁurizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гъуреяв
/[ʁurejaw]/
0
|
гъуреяй
/[ʁurejaj]/
0
|
гъуреяб
/[ʁurejab]/
0
|
гъуреял
/[ʁurejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гъурарав
5
|
гъурарай
0
|
гъурараб
18
|
гъурарал
20
|
| Ergative |
гъурарас
0
|
гъураралъ
0
|
гъураралъ
0
|
гъурараз
1
|
| Genitive |
гъурарасул
0
|
гъураралъул
0
|
гъураралъул
0
|
гъураразул
0
|
| Dative |
гъурарасе
0
|
гъураралъе
0
|
гъураралъе
0
|
гъураразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гъурарасда
0
|
гъураралъда
0
|
гъураралъда
0
|
гъураразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гъурарасде
0
|
гъураралъде
0
|
гъураралъде
0
|
гъураразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гъурарасдаса
0
|
гъураралъдаса
0
|
гъураралъдаса
0
|
гъурараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гъурарасдасан
0
|
гъураралъдасан
0
|
гъураралъдасан
0
|
гъурараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гъурарасухъ
0
|
гъураралъухъ
0
|
гъураралъухъ
0
|
гъураразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гъурарасухъе
0
|
гъураралъухъе
0
|
гъураралъухъе
0
|
гъураразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гъурарасухъа
0
|
гъураралъухъа
0
|
гъураралъухъа
0
|
гъураразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гъурарасухъан
0
|
гъураралъухъан
0
|
гъураралъухъан
0
|
гъураразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гъурарасулъ
0
|
гъураралъулъ
0
|
гъураралъулъ
0
|
гъураразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гъурарасулъе
0
|
гъураралъулъе
0
|
гъураралъулъе
0
|
гъураразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гъурарасулъа
0
|
гъураралъулъа
0
|
гъураралъулъа
0
|
гъураразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гъурарасулъан
0
|
гъураралъулъан
0
|
гъураралъулъан
0
|
гъураразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гъурарасукь
0
|
гъураралъукь
0
|
гъураралъукь
0
|
гъураразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гъурарасукье
0
|
гъураралъукье
0
|
гъураралъукье
0
|
гъураразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гъурарасукьа
0
|
гъураралъукьа
0
|
гъураралъукьа
0
|
гъураразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гъурарасукьан
0
|
гъураралъукьан
0
|
гъураралъукьан
0
|
гъураразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гъурун
[ʁurun]
🔒
89
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гъурун
[ʁurun]
🔒
89
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гъуричӀого
[ʁurit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гъурулаго
[ʁurulago]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гъуруларого
[ʁurularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гъури
[ʁuri]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гъуризе
[ʁurize]
🔒
30
|
|||
| Causative |
гъуризавизе
/[ʁurizawize]/
0
|
гъуризайизе
/[ʁurizajize]/
0
|
гъуризабизе
/[ʁurizabize]/
0
|
гъуризаризе
/[ʁurizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гъуризавуларо
/[ʁurizawularo]/
0
|
гъуризайуларо
/[ʁurizajularo]/
0
|
гъуризабуларо
/[ʁurizabularo]/
0
|
гъуризаруларо
/[ʁurizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гъуриаризе
[ʁurijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гъуриариларо
[ʁurijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гъур-гъуризе
[ʁur-ʁurize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гъур-гъуриларо
[ʁur-ʁurilaro]
0
|
|||