Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
бить
вырезать
зарезать
резать
прирезать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: qveze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
171291
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
156
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
хъуна
[q͡χːuna]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хъвечӀо
[q͡χːwet͡ʃʼo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хъвела
[q͡χːwela]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хъвеларо
[q͡χːwelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хъола
[q͡χːola]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хъоларо
[q͡χːolaro]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хъолаан
[q͡χːolajan]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хъолароан
[q͡χːolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хъе
[q͡χːe]
🔒
12
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хъоге
[q͡χːoge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хъеги
[q͡χːegi]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хъогеги
[q͡χːogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хъвезин
[q͡χːwezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хъуни
[q͡χːuni]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хъвечӀони
[q͡χːwet͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъунищ
[q͡χːuniʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъвечӀищ
[q͡χːwet͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хъолищ
[q͡χːoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъоларищ
[q͡χːolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъвелищ
[q͡χːweliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъвеларищ
[q͡χːwelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хъурав
/[q͡χːuraw]/
🔒
9
|
хъурай
/[q͡χːuraj]/
0
|
хъураб
/[q͡χːurab]/
🔒
29
|
хъурал
/[q͡χːural]/
🔒
10
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хъвечӀев
/[q͡χːwet͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
хъвечӀей
/[q͡χːwet͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
хъвечӀеб
/[q͡χːwet͡ʃʼeb]/
🔒
1
|
хъвечӀел
/[q͡χːwet͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хъолев
/[q͡χːolew]/
🔒
3
|
хъолей
/[q͡χːolej]/
0
|
хъолеб
/[q͡χːoleb]/
🔒
40
|
хъолел
/[q͡χːolel]/
🔒
5
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хъоларев
/[q͡χːolarew]/
0
|
хъоларей
/[q͡χːolarej]/
0
|
хъолареб
/[q͡χːolareb]/
0
|
хъоларел
/[q͡χːolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хъвелев
/[q͡χːwelew]/
0
|
хъвелей
/[q͡χːwelej]/
0
|
хъвелеб
/[q͡χːweleb]/
0
|
хъвелел
/[q͡χːwelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хъвеларев
/[q͡χːwelarew]/
0
|
хъвеларей
/[q͡χːwelarej]/
0
|
хъвелареб
/[q͡χːwelareb]/
0
|
хъвеларел
/[q͡χːwelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хъвезехъин
[q͡χːwezeq͡χːin]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хъвезехъинро
[q͡χːwezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хъеяв
/[q͡χːejaw]/
0
|
хъеяй
/[q͡χːejaj]/
0
|
хъеяб
/[q͡χːejab]/
0
|
хъеял
/[q͡χːejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хъурав
9
|
хъурай
0
|
хъураб
29
|
хъурал
10
|
| Ergative |
хъурас
0
|
хъуралъ
0
|
хъуралъ
0
|
хъураз
0
|
| Genitive |
хъурасул
0
|
хъуралъул
0
|
хъуралъул
0
|
хъуразул
0
|
| Dative |
хъурасе
0
|
хъуралъе
0
|
хъуралъе
0
|
хъуразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хъурасда
0
|
хъуралъда
0
|
хъуралъда
0
|
хъуразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хъурасде
0
|
хъуралъде
0
|
хъуралъде
0
|
хъуразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хъурасдаса
0
|
хъуралъдаса
0
|
хъуралъдаса
0
|
хъураздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хъурасдасан
0
|
хъуралъдасан
0
|
хъуралъдасан
0
|
хъураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хъурасухъ
0
|
хъуралъухъ
0
|
хъуралъухъ
0
|
хъуразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хъурасухъе
0
|
хъуралъухъе
0
|
хъуралъухъе
0
|
хъуразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хъурасухъа
0
|
хъуралъухъа
0
|
хъуралъухъа
0
|
хъуразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хъурасухъан
0
|
хъуралъухъан
0
|
хъуралъухъан
0
|
хъуразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хъурасулъ
0
|
хъуралъулъ
0
|
хъуралъулъ
0
|
хъуразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хъурасулъе
0
|
хъуралъулъе
0
|
хъуралъулъе
0
|
хъуразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хъурасулъа
0
|
хъуралъулъа
0
|
хъуралъулъа
0
|
хъуразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хъурасулъан
0
|
хъуралъулъан
0
|
хъуралъулъан
0
|
хъуразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хъурасукь
0
|
хъуралъукь
0
|
хъуралъукь
0
|
хъуразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хъурасукье
0
|
хъуралъукье
0
|
хъуралъукье
0
|
хъуразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хъурасукьа
0
|
хъуралъукьа
0
|
хъуралъукьа
0
|
хъуразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хъурасукьан
0
|
хъуралъукьан
0
|
хъуралъукьан
0
|
хъуразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хъвон
[q͡χːwon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хъун
[q͡χːun]
🔒
65
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хъвечӀого
[q͡χːwet͡ʃʼogo]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хъолаго
[q͡χːolago]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хъоларого
[q͡χːolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хъвей
[q͡χːwej]
🔒
59
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хъвезе
[q͡χːweze]
🔒
156
|
|||
| Causative |
хъвезавизе
/[q͡χːwezawize]/
0
|
хъвезайизе
/[q͡χːwezajize]/
0
|
хъвезабизе
/[q͡χːwezabize]/
0
|
хъвезаризе
/[q͡χːwezarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хъвезавуларо
/[q͡χːwezawularo]/
0
|
хъвезайуларо
/[q͡χːwezajularo]/
0
|
хъвезабуларо
/[q͡χːwezabularo]/
0
|
хъвезаруларо
/[q͡χːwezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хъвеаризе
[q͡χːwejarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хъвеариларо
[q͡χːwejarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хъве-хъвезе
[q͡χːwe-q͡χːweze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хъве-хъвеларо
[q͡χːwe-q͡χːwelaro]
0
|
|||