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Russian
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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: qʼosarine
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
171607
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[q͡χʼːosarunew wugo]/ |
/[q͡χʼːosarunej jigo]/ |
/[q͡χʼːosaruneb bugo]/ |
/[q͡χʼːosarunel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[q͡χʼːosarunew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[q͡χʼːosarunej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[q͡χʼːosaruneb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[q͡χʼːosarunel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
къосарана
[q͡χˀːosarana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
къосаринчӀо
[q͡χˀːosarint͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
къосарина
[q͡χˀːosarina]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
къосаринаро
[q͡χˀːosarinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
къосаруна
[q͡χˀːosaruna]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
къосарунаро
[q͡χˀːosarunaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
къосарунаан
[q͡χʼːosarunajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
къосарунароан
[q͡χʼːosarunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
къосара
[q͡χˀːosara]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
къосарунге
[q͡χˀːosarunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
къосараги
[q͡χˀːosaragi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
къосарунгеги
[q͡χˀːosarungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
къосаринин
[q͡χʼːosarinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
къосарани
[q͡χˀːosarani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
къосаринчӀони
[q͡χˀːosarint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
къосаранищ
[q͡χˀːosaraniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
къосаринчӀищ
[q͡χˀːosarint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
къосарунищ
[q͡χˀːosaruniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
къосарунарищ
[q͡χˀːosarunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
къосаринищ
[q͡χˀːosariniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
къосаринарищ
[q͡χˀːosarinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
къосарарав
/[q͡χʼːosararaw]/
0
|
къосарарай
/[q͡χʼːosararaj]/
0
|
къосарараб
/[q͡χʼːosararab]/
0
|
къосарарал
/[q͡χʼːosararal]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
къосаринчӀев
/[q͡χʼːosarint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
къосаринчӀей
/[q͡χʼːosarint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
къосаринчӀеб
/[q͡χʼːosarint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
къосаринчӀел
/[q͡χʼːosarint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
къосарунев
/[q͡χʼːosarunew]/
0
|
къосаруней
/[q͡χʼːosarunej]/
0
|
къосарунеб
/[q͡χʼːosaruneb]/
0
|
къосарунел
/[q͡χʼːosarunel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
къосарунарев
/[q͡χʼːosarunarew]/
0
|
къосарунарей
/[q͡χʼːosarunarej]/
0
|
къосарунареб
/[q͡χʼːosarunareb]/
0
|
къосарунарел
/[q͡χʼːosarunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
къосаринев
/[q͡χʼːosarinew]/
0
|
къосариней
/[q͡χʼːosarinej]/
0
|
къосаринеб
/[q͡χʼːosarineb]/
0
|
къосаринел
/[q͡χʼːosarinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
къосаринарев
/[q͡χʼːosarinarew]/
0
|
къосаринарей
/[q͡χʼːosarinarej]/
0
|
къосаринареб
/[q͡χʼːosarinareb]/
0
|
къосаринарел
/[q͡χʼːosarinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
къосаринехъин
[q͡χʼːosarineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
къосаринехъинро
[q͡χʼːosarineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
къосараяв
/[q͡χˀːosarajaw]/
0
|
къосараяй
/[q͡χˀːosarajaj]/
0
|
къосараяб
/[q͡χˀːosarajab]/
0
|
къосараял
/[q͡χʼːosarajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
къосарарав
0
|
къосарарай
0
|
къосарараб
0
|
къосарарал
0
|
| Ergative |
къосарарас
0
|
къосараралъ
0
|
къосараралъ
0
|
къосарараз
0
|
| Genitive |
къосарарасул
0
|
къосараралъул
0
|
къосараралъул
0
|
къосараразул
0
|
| Dative |
къосарарасе
0
|
къосараралъе
0
|
къосараралъе
0
|
къосараразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
къосарарасда
0
|
къосараралъда
0
|
къосараралъда
0
|
къосараразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
къосарарасде
0
|
къосараралъде
0
|
къосараралъде
0
|
къосараразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
къосарарасдаса
0
|
къосараралъдаса
0
|
къосараралъдаса
0
|
къосарараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
къосарарасдасан
0
|
къосараралъдасан
0
|
къосараралъдасан
0
|
къосарараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
къосарарасухъ
0
|
къосараралъухъ
0
|
къосараралъухъ
0
|
къосараразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
къосарарасухъе
0
|
къосараралъухъе
0
|
къосараралъухъе
0
|
къосараразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
къосарарасухъа
0
|
къосараралъухъа
0
|
къосараралъухъа
0
|
къосараразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
къосарарасухъан
0
|
къосараралъухъан
0
|
къосараралъухъан
0
|
къосараразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
къосарарасулъ
0
|
къосараралъулъ
0
|
къосараралъулъ
0
|
къосараразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
къосарарасулъе
0
|
къосараралъулъе
0
|
къосараралъулъе
0
|
къосараразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
къосарарасулъа
0
|
къосараралъулъа
0
|
къосараралъулъа
0
|
къосараразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
къосарарасулъан
0
|
къосараралъулъан
0
|
къосараралъулъан
0
|
къосараразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
къосарарасукь
0
|
къосараралъукь
0
|
къосараралъукь
0
|
къосараразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
къосарарасукье
0
|
къосараралъукье
0
|
къосараралъукье
0
|
къосараразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
къосарарасукьа
0
|
къосараралъукьа
0
|
къосараралъукьа
0
|
къосараразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
къосарарасукьан
0
|
къосараралъукьан
0
|
къосараралъукьан
0
|
къосараразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
къосарун
[q͡χʼːosarun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
къосарун
[q͡χʼːosarun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
къосаринчӀого
[q͡χˀːosarint͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
къосарунаго
[q͡χʼːosarunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
къосарунарого
[q͡χˀːosarunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
къосарин
[q͡χʼːosarin]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
къосарине
[q͡χˀːosarine]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
къосаринавизе
/[q͡χʼːosarinawize]/
🔒
0
|
къосаринайизе
/[q͡χʼːosarinajize]/
0
|
къосаринабизе
/[q͡χʼːosarinabize]/
🔒
0
|
къосаринаризе
/[q͡χʼːosarinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
къосаринавуларо
/[q͡χʼːosarinawularo]/
0
|
къосаринайуларо
/[q͡χʼːosarinajularo]/
0
|
къосаринабуларо
/[q͡χˀːosarinabularo]/
0
|
къосаринаруларо
/[q͡χʼːosarinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
къосаранхъизе
[q͡χʼːosaranq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
къосаранхъиларо
[q͡χˀːosaranq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
къосар-къосарине
[q͡χˀːosar-q͡χˀːosarine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
къосар-къосаринаро
[q͡χˀːosar-q͡χˀːosarinaro]
0
|
|||