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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: sverize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
171609
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
180
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
сверана
[swerana]
🔒
146
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
сверичӀо
[swerit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Future Simple |
сверила
[swerila]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
свериларо
[swerilaro]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative |
сверула
[swerula]
🔒
68
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
сверуларо
[swerularo]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
сверулаан
[swerulajan]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
сверулароан
[swerularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
свере
[swere]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
сверуге
[sweruge]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Optative |
свереги
[sweregi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
сверугеги
[swerugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
сверизин
[swerizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
сверани
[swerani]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
сверичӀони
[swerit͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
3
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
сверанищ
[sweraniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
сверичӀищ
[swerit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
сверулищ
[sweruliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
сверуларищ
[swerulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
сверилищ
[sweriliʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
свериларищ
[swerilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
сверарав
/[sweraraw]/
🔒
9
|
сверарай
/[sweraraj]/
🔒
5
|
сверараб
/[swerarab]/
🔒
40
|
сверарал
/[sweraral]/
🔒
16
|
| Past Participle Negative |
сверичӀев
/[swerit͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
0
|
сверичӀей
/[swerit͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
1
|
сверичӀеб
/[swerit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
2
|
сверичӀел
/[swerit͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
3
|
| Present Participle |
сверулев
/[swerulew]/
🔒
22
|
сверулей
/[swerulej]/
🔒
3
|
сверулеб
/[sweruleb]/
🔒
112
|
сверулел
/[swerulel]/
🔒
56
|
| Present Participle Negative |
сверуларев
/[swerularew]/
0
|
сверуларей
/[swerularej]/
0
|
сверулареб
/[swerulareb]/
0
|
сверуларел
/[swerularel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle |
сверилев
/[swerilew]/
0
|
сверилей
/[swerilej]/
0
|
сверилеб
/[swerileb]/
0
|
сверилел
/[swerilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
свериларев
/[swerilarew]/
0
|
свериларей
/[swerilarej]/
0
|
сверилареб
/[swerilareb]/
0
|
свериларел
/[swerilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
сверизехъин
[swerizeq͡χːin]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
сверизехъинро
[swerizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
свереяв
/[swerejaw]/
0
|
свереяй
/[swerejaj]/
0
|
свереяб
/[swerejab]/
0
|
свереял
/[swerejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
сверарав
9
|
сверарай
5
|
сверараб
40
|
сверарал
16
|
| Ergative |
сверарас
0
|
свераралъ
0
|
свераралъ
0
|
сверараз
0
|
| Genitive |
сверарасул
0
|
свераралъул
0
|
свераралъул
0
|
свераразул
0
|
| Dative |
сверарасе
0
|
свераралъе
0
|
свераралъе
0
|
свераразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
сверарасда
0
|
свераралъда
0
|
свераралъда
0
|
свераразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
сверарасде
0
|
свераралъде
0
|
свераралъде
0
|
свераразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
сверарасдаса
0
|
свераралъдаса
0
|
свераралъдаса
0
|
сверараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
сверарасдасан
0
|
свераралъдасан
0
|
свераралъдасан
0
|
сверараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
сверарасухъ
0
|
свераралъухъ
0
|
свераралъухъ
0
|
свераразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
сверарасухъе
0
|
свераралъухъе
0
|
свераралъухъе
0
|
свераразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
сверарасухъа
0
|
свераралъухъа
0
|
свераралъухъа
0
|
свераразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
сверарасухъан
0
|
свераралъухъан
0
|
свераралъухъан
0
|
свераразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
сверарасулъ
0
|
свераралъулъ
0
|
свераралъулъ
0
|
свераразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
сверарасулъе
0
|
свераралъулъе
0
|
свераралъулъе
0
|
свераразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
сверарасулъа
0
|
свераралъулъа
0
|
свераралъулъа
0
|
свераразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
сверарасулъан
0
|
свераралъулъан
0
|
свераралъулъан
0
|
свераразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
сверарасукь
0
|
свераралъукь
0
|
свераралъукь
0
|
свераразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
сверарасукье
0
|
свераралъукье
0
|
свераралъукье
0
|
свераразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
сверарасукьа
0
|
свераралъукьа
0
|
свераралъукьа
0
|
свераразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
сверарасукьан
0
|
свераралъукьан
0
|
свераралъукьан
0
|
свераразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
сверун
[swerun]
🔒
1213
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
сверун
[swerun]
🔒
1213
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
сверичӀого
[swerit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
сверулаго
[swerulago]
🔒
17
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
сверуларого
[swerularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
свери
[sweri]
🔒
166
|
|||
| Infinitive |
сверизе
[swerize]
🔒
180
|
|||
| Causative |
сверизавизе
/[swerizawize]/
🔒
1
|
сверизайизе
/[swerizajize]/
🔒
0
|
сверизабизе
/[swerizabize]/
🔒
49
|
сверизаризе
/[swerizarize]/
🔒
10
|
| Causative Negative |
сверизавуларо
/[swerizawularo]/
0
|
сверизайуларо
/[swerizajularo]/
0
|
сверизабуларо
/[swerizabularo]/
0
|
сверизаруларо
/[swerizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
свериаризе
[swerijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
свериариларо
[swerijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
свер-сверизе
[swer-swerize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
свер-свериларо
[swer-swerilaro]
0
|
|||