Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
бормотать
бубнить
буркать
бурчать
ворчать
залепетать
лепетать
рокотать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: gungudize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
171879
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[gungudulew wugo]/ |
/[gungudulej jigo]/ |
/[gunguduleb bugo]/ |
/[gungudulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[gungudulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[gungudulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[gunguduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[gungudulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гунгудана
[gungudana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гунгудичӀо
[gungudit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гунгудила
[gungudila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гунгудиларо
[gungudilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гунгудула
[gungudula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гунгудуларо
[gungudularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гунгудулаан
[gungudulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гунгудулароан
[gungudularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гунгуде
[gungude]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гунгудуге
[gunguduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гунгудеги
[gungudegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гунгудугеги
[gungudugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гунгудизин
[gungudizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гунгудани
[gungudani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гунгудичӀони
[gungudit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гунгуданищ
[gungudaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гунгудичӀищ
[gungudit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гунгудулищ
[gunguduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гунгудуларищ
[gungudulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гунгудилищ
[gungudiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гунгудиларищ
[gungudilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гунгударав
/[gungudaraw]/
0
|
гунгударай
/[gungudaraj]/
0
|
гунгудараб
/[gungudarab]/
0
|
гунгударал
/[gungudaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гунгудичӀев
/[gungudit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гунгудичӀей
/[gungudit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гунгудичӀеб
/[gungudit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гунгудичӀел
/[gungudit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гунгудулев
/[gungudulew]/
0
|
гунгудулей
/[gungudulej]/
0
|
гунгудулеб
/[gunguduleb]/
0
|
гунгудулел
/[gungudulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гунгудуларев
/[gungudularew]/
0
|
гунгудуларей
/[gungudularej]/
0
|
гунгудулареб
/[gungudulareb]/
0
|
гунгудуларел
/[gungudularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гунгудилев
/[gungudilew]/
0
|
гунгудилей
/[gungudilej]/
0
|
гунгудилеб
/[gungudileb]/
0
|
гунгудилел
/[gungudilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гунгудиларев
/[gungudilarew]/
0
|
гунгудиларей
/[gungudilarej]/
0
|
гунгудилареб
/[gungudilareb]/
0
|
гунгудиларел
/[gungudilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гунгудизехъин
[gungudizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гунгудизехъинро
[gungudizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гунгудеяв
/[gungudejaw]/
0
|
гунгудеяй
/[gungudejaj]/
0
|
гунгудеяб
/[gungudejab]/
0
|
гунгудеял
/[gungudejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гунгударав
0
|
гунгударай
0
|
гунгудараб
0
|
гунгударал
0
|
| Ergative |
гунгударас
0
|
гунгударалъ
0
|
гунгударалъ
0
|
гунгудараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гунгударасул
0
|
гунгударалъул
0
|
гунгударалъул
0
|
гунгударазул
0
|
| Dative |
гунгударасе
0
|
гунгударалъе
0
|
гунгударалъе
0
|
гунгударазе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гунгударасда
0
|
гунгударалъда
0
|
гунгударалъда
0
|
гунгударазда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гунгударасде
0
|
гунгударалъде
0
|
гунгударалъде
0
|
гунгударазде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гунгударасдаса
0
|
гунгударалъдаса
0
|
гунгударалъдаса
0
|
гунгудараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гунгударасдасан
0
|
гунгударалъдасан
0
|
гунгударалъдасан
0
|
гунгудараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гунгударасухъ
0
|
гунгударалъухъ
0
|
гунгударалъухъ
0
|
гунгударазухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гунгударасухъе
0
|
гунгударалъухъе
0
|
гунгударалъухъе
0
|
гунгударазухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гунгударасухъа
0
|
гунгударалъухъа
0
|
гунгударалъухъа
0
|
гунгударазухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гунгударасухъан
0
|
гунгударалъухъан
0
|
гунгударалъухъан
0
|
гунгударазухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гунгударасулъ
0
|
гунгударалъулъ
0
|
гунгударалъулъ
0
|
гунгударазулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гунгударасулъе
0
|
гунгударалъулъе
0
|
гунгударалъулъе
0
|
гунгударазулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гунгударасулъа
0
|
гунгударалъулъа
0
|
гунгударалъулъа
0
|
гунгударазулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гунгударасулъан
0
|
гунгударалъулъан
0
|
гунгударалъулъан
0
|
гунгударазулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гунгударасукь
0
|
гунгударалъукь
0
|
гунгударалъукь
0
|
гунгударазукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гунгударасукье
0
|
гунгударалъукье
0
|
гунгударалъукье
0
|
гунгударазукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гунгударасукьа
0
|
гунгударалъукьа
0
|
гунгударалъукьа
0
|
гунгударазукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гунгударасукьан
0
|
гунгударалъукьан
0
|
гунгударалъукьан
0
|
гунгударазукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гунгудун
[gungudun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гунгудун
[gungudun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гунгудичӀого
[gungudit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гунгудулаго
[gungudulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гунгудуларого
[gungudularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гунгуди
[gungudi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гунгудизе
[gungudize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
гунгудизавизе
/[gungudizawize]/
0
|
гунгудизайизе
/[gungudizajize]/
0
|
гунгудизабизе
/[gungudizabize]/
0
|
гунгудизаризе
/[gungudizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гунгудизавуларо
/[gungudizawularo]/
0
|
гунгудизайуларо
/[gungudizajularo]/
0
|
гунгудизабуларо
/[gungudizabularo]/
0
|
гунгудизаруларо
/[gungudizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гунгудиаризе
[gungudijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гунгудиариларо
[gungudijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гунгуд-гунгудизе
[gungud-gungudize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гунгуд-гунгудиларо
[gungud-gungudilaro]
0
|
|||