Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
бормотать
брюзжать
ворчать
лепетать
мычать
пробурчать
рокотать
урчать
фыркнуть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: ghulghudize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
171880
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ʁuɬudulew wugo]/ |
/[ʁuɬudulej jigo]/ |
/[ʁuɬuduleb bugo]/ |
/[ʁuɬudulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ʁuɬudulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʁuɬudulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʁuɬuduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʁuɬudulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
гъулгъудана
[ʁuɬudana]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гъулгъудичӀо
[ʁuɬudit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гъулгъудила
[ʁuɬudila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гъулгъудиларо
[ʁuɬudilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гъулгъудула
[ʁuɬudula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гъулгъудуларо
[ʁuɬudularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гъулгъудулаан
[ʁuɬudulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гъулгъудулароан
[ʁuɬudularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гъулгъуде
[ʁuɬude]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гъулгъудуге
[ʁuɬuduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гъулгъудеги
[ʁuɬudegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гъулгъудугеги
[ʁuɬudugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гъулгъудизин
[ʁuɬudizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гъулгъудани
[ʁuɬudani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гъулгъудичӀони
[ʁuɬudit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гъулгъуданищ
[ʁuɬudaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гъулгъудичӀищ
[ʁuɬudit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гъулгъудулищ
[ʁuɬuduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гъулгъудуларищ
[ʁuɬudulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гъулгъудилищ
[ʁuɬudiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гъулгъудиларищ
[ʁuɬudilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гъулгъударав
/[ʁuɬudaraw]/
0
|
гъулгъударай
/[ʁuɬudaraj]/
0
|
гъулгъудараб
/[ʁuɬudarab]/
0
|
гъулгъударал
/[ʁuɬudaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гъулгъудичӀев
/[ʁuɬudit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
гъулгъудичӀей
/[ʁuɬudit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
гъулгъудичӀеб
/[ʁuɬudit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
гъулгъудичӀел
/[ʁuɬudit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гъулгъудулев
/[ʁuɬudulew]/
0
|
гъулгъудулей
/[ʁuɬudulej]/
🔒
1
|
гъулгъудулеб
/[ʁuɬuduleb]/
🔒
1
|
гъулгъудулел
/[ʁuɬudulel]/
🔒
2
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гъулгъудуларев
/[ʁuɬudularew]/
0
|
гъулгъудуларей
/[ʁuɬudularej]/
0
|
гъулгъудулареб
/[ʁuɬudulareb]/
0
|
гъулгъудуларел
/[ʁuɬudularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
гъулгъудилев
/[ʁuɬudilew]/
0
|
гъулгъудилей
/[ʁuɬudilej]/
0
|
гъулгъудилеб
/[ʁuɬudileb]/
0
|
гъулгъудилел
/[ʁuɬudilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гъулгъудиларев
/[ʁuɬudilarew]/
0
|
гъулгъудиларей
/[ʁuɬudilarej]/
0
|
гъулгъудилареб
/[ʁuɬudilareb]/
0
|
гъулгъудиларел
/[ʁuɬudilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гъулгъудизехъин
[ʁuɬudizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гъулгъудизехъинро
[ʁuɬudizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гъулгъудеяв
/[ʁuɬudejaw]/
0
|
гъулгъудеяй
/[ʁuɬudejaj]/
0
|
гъулгъудеяб
/[ʁuɬudejab]/
0
|
гъулгъудеял
/[ʁuɬudejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гъулгъударав
0
|
гъулгъударай
0
|
гъулгъудараб
0
|
гъулгъударал
0
|
| Ergative |
гъулгъударас
0
|
гъулгъударалъ
0
|
гъулгъударалъ
0
|
гъулгъудараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гъулгъударасул
0
|
гъулгъударалъул
0
|
гъулгъударалъул
0
|
гъулгъударазул
0
|
| Dative |
гъулгъударасе
0
|
гъулгъударалъе
0
|
гъулгъударалъе
0
|
гъулгъударазе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гъулгъударасда
0
|
гъулгъударалъда
0
|
гъулгъударалъда
0
|
гъулгъударазда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гъулгъударасде
0
|
гъулгъударалъде
0
|
гъулгъударалъде
0
|
гъулгъударазде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гъулгъударасдаса
0
|
гъулгъударалъдаса
0
|
гъулгъударалъдаса
0
|
гъулгъудараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гъулгъударасдасан
0
|
гъулгъударалъдасан
0
|
гъулгъударалъдасан
0
|
гъулгъудараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гъулгъударасухъ
0
|
гъулгъударалъухъ
0
|
гъулгъударалъухъ
0
|
гъулгъударазухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гъулгъударасухъе
0
|
гъулгъударалъухъе
0
|
гъулгъударалъухъе
0
|
гъулгъударазухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гъулгъударасухъа
0
|
гъулгъударалъухъа
0
|
гъулгъударалъухъа
0
|
гъулгъударазухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гъулгъударасухъан
0
|
гъулгъударалъухъан
0
|
гъулгъударалъухъан
0
|
гъулгъударазухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гъулгъударасулъ
0
|
гъулгъударалъулъ
0
|
гъулгъударалъулъ
0
|
гъулгъударазулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гъулгъударасулъе
0
|
гъулгъударалъулъе
0
|
гъулгъударалъулъе
0
|
гъулгъударазулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гъулгъударасулъа
0
|
гъулгъударалъулъа
0
|
гъулгъударалъулъа
0
|
гъулгъударазулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гъулгъударасулъан
0
|
гъулгъударалъулъан
0
|
гъулгъударалъулъан
0
|
гъулгъударазулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гъулгъударасукь
0
|
гъулгъударалъукь
0
|
гъулгъударалъукь
0
|
гъулгъударазукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гъулгъударасукье
0
|
гъулгъударалъукье
0
|
гъулгъударалъукье
0
|
гъулгъударазукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гъулгъударасукьа
0
|
гъулгъударалъукьа
0
|
гъулгъударалъукьа
0
|
гъулгъударазукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гъулгъударасукьан
0
|
гъулгъударалъукьан
0
|
гъулгъударалъукьан
0
|
гъулгъударазукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гъулгъудун
[ʁuɬudun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гъулгъудун
[ʁuɬudun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гъулгъудичӀого
[ʁuɬudit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гъулгъудулаго
[ʁuɬudulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гъулгъудуларого
[ʁuɬudularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гъулгъуди
[ʁuɬudi]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гъулгъудизе
[ʁuɬudize]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
гъулгъудизавизе
/[ʁuɬudizawize]/
0
|
гъулгъудизайизе
/[ʁuɬudizajize]/
0
|
гъулгъудизабизе
/[ʁuɬudizabize]/
0
|
гъулгъудизаризе
/[ʁuɬudizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гъулгъудизавуларо
/[ʁuɬudizawularo]/
0
|
гъулгъудизайуларо
/[ʁuɬudizajularo]/
0
|
гъулгъудизабуларо
/[ʁuɬudizabularo]/
0
|
гъулгъудизаруларо
/[ʁuɬudizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гъулгъудиаризе
[ʁuɬudijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гъулгъудиариларо
[ʁuɬudijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гъулгъуд-гъулгъудизе
[ʁuɬud-ʁuɬudize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гъулгъуд-гъулгъудиларо
[ʁuɬud-ʁuɬudilaro]
0
|
|||