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Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: qʼertl'eze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
171911
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
176
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolew wugo]/ |
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolej jigo]/ |
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːoleb bugo]/ |
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːoleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
къеркьена
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːena]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
къеркьечӀо
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
къеркьела
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːela]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
къеркьеларо
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
къеркьола
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːola]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
къеркьоларо
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
къеркьолаан
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
къеркьолароан
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
къеркье
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːe]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
къеркьоге
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːoge]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Optative |
къеркьеги
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
къеркьогеги
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːogegi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
къеркьезин
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
къеркьени
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːeni]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
къеркьечӀони
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼoni]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
къеркьенищ
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːeniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
къеркьечӀищ
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
къеркьолищ
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
къеркьоларищ
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
къеркьелищ
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
къеркьеларищ
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
къеркьерав
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːeraw]/
0
|
къеркьерай
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːeraj]/
0
|
къеркьераб
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːerab]/
0
|
къеркьерал
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːeral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
къеркьечӀев
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
къеркьечӀей
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
къеркьечӀеб
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
къеркьечӀел
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
къеркьолев
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolew]/
🔒
20
|
къеркьолей
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolej]/
🔒
4
|
къеркьолеб
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːoleb]/
🔒
67
|
къеркьолел
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolel]/
🔒
87
|
| Present Participle Negative |
къеркьоларев
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolarew]/
0
|
къеркьоларей
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolarej]/
0
|
къеркьолареб
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolareb]/
0
|
къеркьоларел
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolarel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle |
къеркьелев
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːelew]/
🔒
2
|
къеркьелей
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːelej]/
🔒
2
|
къеркьелеб
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːeleb]/
🔒
1
|
къеркьелел
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːelel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle Negative |
къеркьеларев
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːelarew]/
0
|
къеркьеларей
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːelarej]/
0
|
къеркьелареб
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːelareb]/
0
|
къеркьеларел
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
къеркьезехъин
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːezeq͡χːin]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
къеркьезехъинро
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
къеркьеяв
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːejaw]/
0
|
къеркьеяй
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːejaj]/
0
|
къеркьеяб
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːejab]/
0
|
къеркьеял
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːejal]/
🔒
5
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
къеркьерав
0
|
къеркьерай
0
|
къеркьераб
0
|
къеркьерал
0
|
| Ergative |
къеркьерас
0
|
къеркьералъ
0
|
къеркьералъ
0
|
къеркьераз
0
|
| Genitive |
къеркьерасул
0
|
къеркьералъул
0
|
къеркьералъул
0
|
къеркьеразул
0
|
| Dative |
къеркьерасе
0
|
къеркьералъе
0
|
къеркьералъе
0
|
къеркьеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
къеркьерасда
0
|
къеркьералъда
0
|
къеркьералъда
0
|
къеркьеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
къеркьерасде
0
|
къеркьералъде
0
|
къеркьералъде
0
|
къеркьеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
къеркьерасдаса
0
|
къеркьералъдаса
0
|
къеркьералъдаса
0
|
къеркьераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
къеркьерасдасан
0
|
къеркьералъдасан
0
|
къеркьералъдасан
0
|
къеркьераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
къеркьерасухъ
0
|
къеркьералъухъ
0
|
къеркьералъухъ
0
|
къеркьеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
къеркьерасухъе
0
|
къеркьералъухъе
0
|
къеркьералъухъе
0
|
къеркьеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
къеркьерасухъа
0
|
къеркьералъухъа
0
|
къеркьералъухъа
0
|
къеркьеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
къеркьерасухъан
0
|
къеркьералъухъан
0
|
къеркьералъухъан
0
|
къеркьеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
къеркьерасулъ
0
|
къеркьералъулъ
0
|
къеркьералъулъ
0
|
къеркьеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
къеркьерасулъе
0
|
къеркьералъулъе
0
|
къеркьералъулъе
0
|
къеркьеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
къеркьерасулъа
0
|
къеркьералъулъа
0
|
къеркьералъулъа
0
|
къеркьеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
къеркьерасулъан
0
|
къеркьералъулъан
0
|
къеркьералъулъан
0
|
къеркьеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
къеркьерасукь
0
|
къеркьералъукь
0
|
къеркьералъукь
0
|
къеркьеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
къеркьерасукье
0
|
къеркьералъукье
0
|
къеркьералъукье
0
|
къеркьеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
къеркьерасукьа
0
|
къеркьералъукьа
0
|
къеркьералъукьа
0
|
къеркьеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
къеркьерасукьан
0
|
къеркьералъукьан
0
|
къеркьералъукьан
0
|
къеркьеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
къеркьон
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːon]
🔒
21
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
къеркьон
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːon]
🔒
21
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
къеркьечӀого
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
къеркьолаго
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolago]
🔒
27
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
къеркьоларого
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
къеркьей
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːej]
🔒
201
|
|||
| Infinitive |
къеркьезе
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːeze]
🔒
176
|
|||
| Causative |
къеркьезавизе
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːezawize]/
🔒
0
|
къеркьезайизе
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːezajize]/
🔒
0
|
къеркьезабизе
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːezabize]/
🔒
0
|
къеркьезаризе
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːezarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
къеркьезавуларо
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːezawularo]/
0
|
къеркьезайуларо
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːezajularo]/
0
|
къеркьезабуларо
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːezabularo]/
0
|
къеркьезаруларо
/[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
къеркьеаризе
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːejarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
къеркьеариларо
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːejarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
къеркь-къеркьезе
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼː-q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
къеркь-къеркьеларо
[q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼː-q͡χʼːert͡ɬʼːelaro]
0
|
|||