Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
бояться
всполошиться
испугаться
капитулировать
напугаться
опасаться
оробеть
пасовать
побояться
пугаться
робеть
сробеть
страшиться
струсить
трепетать
трусить
тушеваться
устрашиться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: hhinqʼize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
171944
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
75
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ħinq͡χˀːulew wugo]/ |
/[ħinq͡χˀːulej jigo]/ |
/[ħinq͡χˀːuleb bugo]/ |
/[ħinq͡χˀːulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ħinq͡χˀːulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ħinq͡χˀːulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ħinq͡χˀːuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ħinq͡χˀːulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
хӀинкъана
[ħinq͡χˀːana]
🔒
33
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хӀинкъичӀо
[ħinq͡χˀːit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
13
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хӀинкъила
[ħinq͡χˀːila]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хӀинкъиларо
[ħinq͡χˀːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хӀинкъула
[ħinq͡χˀːula]
🔒
26
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хӀинкъуларо
[ħinq͡χˀːularo]
🔒
15
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хӀинкъулаан
[ħinq͡χʼːulajan]
🔒
15
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хӀинкъулароан
[ħinq͡χʼːularojan]
🔒
12
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хӀинкъе
[ħinq͡χˀːe]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хӀинкъуге
[ħinq͡χˀːuge]
🔒
23
|
|||
| Optative |
хӀинкъеги
[ħinq͡χʼːegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хӀинкъугеги
[ħinq͡χˀːugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хӀинкъизин
[ħinq͡χˀːizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хӀинкъани
[ħinq͡χˀːani]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хӀинкъичӀони
[ħinq͡χˀːit͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хӀинкъанищ
[ħinq͡χˀːaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀинкъичӀищ
[ħinq͡χˀːit͡ʃˀiʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀинкъулищ
[ħinq͡χˀːuliʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀинкъуларищ
[ħinq͡χˀːulariʃː]
🔒
3
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хӀинкъилищ
[ħinq͡χˀːiliʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀинкъиларищ
[ħinq͡χˀːilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хӀинкъарав
/[ħinq͡χˀːaraw]/
🔒
26
|
хӀинкъарай
/[ħinq͡χˀːaraj]/
🔒
12
|
хӀинкъараб
/[ħinq͡χˀːarab]/
🔒
117
|
хӀинкъарал
/[ħinq͡χˀːaral]/
🔒
50
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хӀинкъичӀев
/[ħinq͡χˀːit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
хӀинкъичӀей
/[ħinq͡χˀːit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
хӀинкъичӀеб
/[ħinq͡χˀːit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хӀинкъичӀел
/[ħinq͡χˀːit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хӀинкъулев
/[ħinq͡χˀːulew]/
🔒
31
|
хӀинкъулей
/[ħinq͡χˀːulej]/
🔒
4
|
хӀинкъулеб
/[ħinq͡χˀːuleb]/
🔒
20
|
хӀинкъулел
/[ħinq͡χˀːulel]/
🔒
71
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хӀинкъуларев
/[ħinq͡χˀːularew]/
🔒
12
|
хӀинкъуларей
/[ħinq͡χˀːularej]/
🔒
1
|
хӀинкъулареб
/[ħinq͡χˀːulareb]/
🔒
3
|
хӀинкъуларел
/[ħinq͡χˀːularel]/
🔒
11
|
| Future Participle |
хӀинкъилев
/[ħinq͡χˀːilew]/
🔒
0
|
хӀинкъилей
/[ħinq͡χˀːilej]/
🔒
0
|
хӀинкъилеб
/[ħinq͡χˀːileb]/
🔒
4
|
хӀинкъилел
/[ħinq͡χˀːilel]/
🔒
2
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хӀинкъиларев
/[ħinq͡χˀːilarew]/
0
|
хӀинкъиларей
/[ħinq͡χˀːilarej]/
0
|
хӀинкъилареб
/[ħinq͡χˀːilareb]/
0
|
хӀинкъиларел
/[ħinq͡χˀːilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хӀинкъизехъин
[ħinq͡χˀːizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хӀинкъизехъинро
[ħinq͡χˀːizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хӀинкъеяв
/[ħinq͡χˀːejaw]/
0
|
хӀинкъеяй
/[ħinq͡χˀːejaj]/
0
|
хӀинкъеяб
/[ħinq͡χˀːejab]/
0
|
хӀинкъеял
/[ħinq͡χʼːejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хӀинкъарав
26
|
хӀинкъарай
12
|
хӀинкъараб
117
|
хӀинкъарал
50
|
| Ergative |
хӀинкъарас
3
|
хӀинкъаралъ
0
|
хӀинкъаралъ
0
|
хӀинкъараз
2
|
| Genitive |
хӀинкъарасул
0
|
хӀинкъаралъул
0
|
хӀинкъаралъул
0
|
хӀинкъаразул
1
|
| Dative |
хӀинкъарасе
0
|
хӀинкъаралъе
0
|
хӀинкъаралъе
0
|
хӀинкъаразе
1
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хӀинкъарасда
1
|
хӀинкъаралъда
0
|
хӀинкъаралъда
0
|
хӀинкъаразда
1
|
| Allative (-де) |
хӀинкъарасде
0
|
хӀинкъаралъде
0
|
хӀинкъаралъде
0
|
хӀинкъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хӀинкъарасдаса
0
|
хӀинкъаралъдаса
0
|
хӀинкъаралъдаса
0
|
хӀинкъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хӀинкъарасдасан
0
|
хӀинкъаралъдасан
0
|
хӀинкъаралъдасан
0
|
хӀинкъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хӀинкъарасухъ
0
|
хӀинкъаралъухъ
0
|
хӀинкъаралъухъ
0
|
хӀинкъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хӀинкъарасухъе
0
|
хӀинкъаралъухъе
0
|
хӀинкъаралъухъе
0
|
хӀинкъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хӀинкъарасухъа
0
|
хӀинкъаралъухъа
0
|
хӀинкъаралъухъа
0
|
хӀинкъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хӀинкъарасухъан
0
|
хӀинкъаралъухъан
0
|
хӀинкъаралъухъан
0
|
хӀинкъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хӀинкъарасулъ
0
|
хӀинкъаралъулъ
0
|
хӀинкъаралъулъ
0
|
хӀинкъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хӀинкъарасулъе
0
|
хӀинкъаралъулъе
0
|
хӀинкъаралъулъе
0
|
хӀинкъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хӀинкъарасулъа
0
|
хӀинкъаралъулъа
0
|
хӀинкъаралъулъа
0
|
хӀинкъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хӀинкъарасулъан
0
|
хӀинкъаралъулъан
0
|
хӀинкъаралъулъан
0
|
хӀинкъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хӀинкъарасукь
0
|
хӀинкъаралъукь
0
|
хӀинкъаралъукь
0
|
хӀинкъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хӀинкъарасукье
0
|
хӀинкъаралъукье
0
|
хӀинкъаралъукье
0
|
хӀинкъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хӀинкъарасукьа
0
|
хӀинкъаралъукьа
0
|
хӀинкъаралъукьа
0
|
хӀинкъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хӀинкъарасукьан
0
|
хӀинкъаралъукьан
0
|
хӀинкъаралъукьан
0
|
хӀинкъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хӀинкъун
[ħinq͡χʼːun]
🔒
321
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хӀинкъун
[ħinq͡χˀːun]
🔒
321
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хӀинкъичӀого
[ħinq͡χˀːit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
75
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хӀинкъулаго
[ħinq͡χˀːulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хӀинкъуларого
[ħinq͡χˀːularogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хӀинкъи
[ħinq͡χˀːi]
🔒
1611
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хӀинкъизе
[ħinq͡χˀːize]
🔒
75
|
|||
| Causative |
хӀинкъизавизе
/[ħinq͡χʼːizawize]/
🔒
4
|
хӀинкъизайизе
/[ħinq͡χʼːizajize]/
🔒
3
|
хӀинкъизабизе
/[ħinq͡χˀːizabize]/
🔒
4
|
хӀинкъизаризе
/[ħinq͡χʼːizarize]/
🔒
11
|
| Causative Negative |
хӀинкъизавуларо
/[ħinq͡χʼːizawularo]/
0
|
хӀинкъизайуларо
/[ħinq͡χʼːizajularo]/
0
|
хӀинкъизабуларо
/[ħinq͡χˀːizabularo]/
0
|
хӀинкъизаруларо
/[ħinq͡χʼːizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хӀинкъиаризе
[ħinq͡χˀːijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хӀинкъиариларо
[ħinq͡χˀːijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хӀинкъ-хӀинкъизе
[ħinq͡χˀː-ħinq͡χˀːize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хӀинкъ-хӀинкъиларо
[ħinq͡χˀː-ħinq͡χˀːilaro]
0
|
|||