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🌐 Translations
Russian
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выбрить
выбриться
месить
обрить
обриться
перемесить
побрить
пробрить
сбрить
сучить
бриться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: kʼkʼvaze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
172022
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
9
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
кӀкӀвана
[kˀːwana]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
кӀкӀвачӀо
[kˀːwat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
кӀкӀвала
[kˀːwala]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
кӀкӀваларо
[kˀːwalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
кӀкӀвала
[kˀːwala]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
кӀкӀваларо
[kˀːwalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
кӀкӀвалаан
[kʼːwalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
кӀкӀвалароан
[kʼːwalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
кӀкӀва
[kˀːwa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
кӀкӀваге
[kˀːwage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
кӀкӀваги
[kˀːwagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
кӀкӀвагеги
[kˀːwagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
кӀкӀвазин
[kˀːwazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
кӀкӀвани
[kˀːwani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
кӀкӀвачӀони
[kˀːwat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
кӀкӀванищ
[kˀːwaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀкӀвачӀищ
[kˀːwat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀкӀвалищ
[kˀːwaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀкӀваларищ
[kˀːwalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
кӀкӀвалищ
[kˀːwaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀкӀваларищ
[kˀːwalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
кӀкӀварав
/[kˀːwaraw]/
🔒
1
|
кӀкӀварай
/[kˀːwaraj]/
🔒
0
|
кӀкӀвараб
/[kˀːwarab]/
🔒
2
|
кӀкӀварал
/[kˀːwaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
кӀкӀвачӀев
/[kˀːwat͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
0
|
кӀкӀвачӀей
/[kˀːwat͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
0
|
кӀкӀвачӀеб
/[kˀːwat͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
1
|
кӀкӀвачӀел
/[kˀːwat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
кӀкӀвалев
/[kˀːwalew]/
🔒
1
|
кӀкӀвалей
/[kˀːwalej]/
0
|
кӀкӀвалеб
/[kˀːwaleb]/
🔒
1
|
кӀкӀвалел
/[kˀːwalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
кӀкӀваларев
/[kˀːwalarew]/
0
|
кӀкӀваларей
/[kˀːwalarej]/
0
|
кӀкӀвалареб
/[kˀːwalareb]/
0
|
кӀкӀваларел
/[kˀːwalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
кӀкӀвалев
/[kˀːwalew]/
🔒
1
|
кӀкӀвалей
/[kˀːwalej]/
0
|
кӀкӀвалеб
/[kˀːwaleb]/
🔒
1
|
кӀкӀвалел
/[kˀːwalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
кӀкӀваларев
/[kˀːwalarew]/
0
|
кӀкӀваларей
/[kˀːwalarej]/
0
|
кӀкӀвалареб
/[kˀːwalareb]/
0
|
кӀкӀваларел
/[kˀːwalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
кӀкӀвазехъин
[kˀːwazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
кӀкӀвазехъинро
[kˀːwazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
кӀкӀваяв
/[kˀːwajaw]/
0
|
кӀкӀваяй
/[kˀːwajaj]/
0
|
кӀкӀваяб
/[kˀːwajab]/
0
|
кӀкӀваял
/[kʼːwajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
кӀкӀварав
1
|
кӀкӀварай
0
|
кӀкӀвараб
2
|
кӀкӀварал
1
|
| Ergative |
кӀкӀварас
0
|
кӀкӀваралъ
0
|
кӀкӀваралъ
0
|
кӀкӀвараз
0
|
| Genitive |
кӀкӀварасул
0
|
кӀкӀваралъул
0
|
кӀкӀваралъул
0
|
кӀкӀваразул
1
|
| Dative |
кӀкӀварасе
0
|
кӀкӀваралъе
0
|
кӀкӀваралъе
0
|
кӀкӀваразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
кӀкӀварасда
0
|
кӀкӀваралъда
0
|
кӀкӀваралъда
0
|
кӀкӀваразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
кӀкӀварасде
0
|
кӀкӀваралъде
0
|
кӀкӀваралъде
0
|
кӀкӀваразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
кӀкӀварасдаса
0
|
кӀкӀваралъдаса
0
|
кӀкӀваралъдаса
0
|
кӀкӀвараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
кӀкӀварасдасан
0
|
кӀкӀваралъдасан
0
|
кӀкӀваралъдасан
0
|
кӀкӀвараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
кӀкӀварасухъ
0
|
кӀкӀваралъухъ
0
|
кӀкӀваралъухъ
0
|
кӀкӀваразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
кӀкӀварасухъе
0
|
кӀкӀваралъухъе
0
|
кӀкӀваралъухъе
0
|
кӀкӀваразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
кӀкӀварасухъа
0
|
кӀкӀваралъухъа
0
|
кӀкӀваралъухъа
0
|
кӀкӀваразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
кӀкӀварасухъан
0
|
кӀкӀваралъухъан
0
|
кӀкӀваралъухъан
0
|
кӀкӀваразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
кӀкӀварасулъ
0
|
кӀкӀваралъулъ
0
|
кӀкӀваралъулъ
0
|
кӀкӀваразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
кӀкӀварасулъе
0
|
кӀкӀваралъулъе
0
|
кӀкӀваралъулъе
0
|
кӀкӀваразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
кӀкӀварасулъа
0
|
кӀкӀваралъулъа
0
|
кӀкӀваралъулъа
0
|
кӀкӀваразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
кӀкӀварасулъан
0
|
кӀкӀваралъулъан
0
|
кӀкӀваралъулъан
0
|
кӀкӀваразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
кӀкӀварасукь
0
|
кӀкӀваралъукь
0
|
кӀкӀваралъукь
0
|
кӀкӀваразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
кӀкӀварасукье
0
|
кӀкӀваралъукье
0
|
кӀкӀваралъукье
0
|
кӀкӀваразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
кӀкӀварасукьа
0
|
кӀкӀваралъукьа
0
|
кӀкӀваралъукьа
0
|
кӀкӀваразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
кӀкӀварасукьан
0
|
кӀкӀваралъукьан
0
|
кӀкӀваралъукьан
0
|
кӀкӀваразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
кӀкӀван
[kʼːwan]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
кӀкӀван
[kˀːwan]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
кӀкӀвачӀого
[kˀːwat͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
кӀкӀвалаго
[kˀːwalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
кӀкӀваларого
[kˀːwalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
кӀкӀвай
[kˀːwaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
кӀкӀвазе
[kˀːwaze]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Causative |
кӀкӀвазавизе
/[kʼːwazawize]/
0
|
кӀкӀвазайизе
/[kʼːwazajize]/
0
|
кӀкӀвазабизе
/[kˀːwazabize]/
0
|
кӀкӀвазаризе
/[kʼːwazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
кӀкӀвазавуларо
/[kʼːwazawularo]/
0
|
кӀкӀвазайуларо
/[kʼːwazajularo]/
0
|
кӀкӀвазабуларо
/[kˀːwazabularo]/
0
|
кӀкӀвазаруларо
/[kʼːwazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
кӀкӀвааризе
[kˀːwajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
кӀкӀваариларо
[kˀːwajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
кӀкӀва-кӀкӀвазе
[kˀːwa-kˀːwaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
кӀкӀва-кӀкӀваларо
[kˀːwa-kˀːwalaro]
0
|
|||