Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
брать
загородить
замереть
крошить
крыть
нарубить
обрезать
обрубить
отняться
отрезать
отрубить
отчеканить
перерезать
пересечь
перестать
порезать
пресечься
прорезать
разрезать
резать
рубить
сечь
срезать
умолкнуть
чеканить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: qʼotʼize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
172024
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
401
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
къотӀана
[q͡χˀːotˀana]
🔒
224
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
къотӀичӀо
[q͡χˀːotˀit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
25
|
|||
| Future Simple |
къотӀила
[q͡χˀːotˀila]
🔒
13
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
къотӀиларо
[q͡χˀːotˀilaro]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Constative |
къотӀула
[q͡χˀːotˀula]
🔒
97
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
къотӀуларо
[q͡χˀːotˀularo]
🔒
12
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
къотӀулаан
[q͡χʼːotʼulajan]
🔒
15
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
къотӀулароан
[q͡χʼːotʼularojan]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
къотӀе
[q͡χˀːotˀe]
🔒
16
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
къотӀуге
[q͡χˀːotˀuge]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Optative |
къотӀеги
[q͡χʼːotʼegi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
къотӀугеги
[q͡χˀːotˀugegi]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Hortative |
къотӀизин
[q͡χˀːotˀizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
къотӀани
[q͡χˀːotˀani]
🔒
18
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
къотӀичӀони
[q͡χˀːotˀit͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
3
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
къотӀанищ
[q͡χˀːotˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
къотӀичӀищ
[q͡χˀːotˀit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
къотӀулищ
[q͡χˀːotˀuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
къотӀуларищ
[q͡χˀːotˀulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
къотӀилищ
[q͡χˀːotˀiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
къотӀиларищ
[q͡χˀːotˀilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
къотӀарав
/[q͡χˀːotˀaraw]/
🔒
30
|
къотӀарай
/[q͡χˀːotˀaraj]/
🔒
4
|
къотӀараб
/[q͡χˀːotˀarab]/
🔒
178
|
къотӀарал
/[q͡χˀːotˀaral]/
🔒
57
|
| Past Participle Negative |
къотӀичӀев
/[q͡χˀːotˀit͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
0
|
къотӀичӀей
/[q͡χˀːotˀit͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
0
|
къотӀичӀеб
/[q͡χˀːotˀit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
21
|
къотӀичӀел
/[q͡χˀːotˀit͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
3
|
| Present Participle |
къотӀулев
/[q͡χˀːotˀulew]/
🔒
20
|
къотӀулей
/[q͡χˀːotˀulej]/
🔒
0
|
къотӀулеб
/[q͡χˀːotˀuleb]/
🔒
113
|
къотӀулел
/[q͡χˀːotˀulel]/
🔒
54
|
| Present Participle Negative |
къотӀуларев
/[q͡χˀːotˀularew]/
🔒
2
|
къотӀуларей
/[q͡χˀːotˀularej]/
🔒
0
|
къотӀулареб
/[q͡χˀːotˀulareb]/
🔒
13
|
къотӀуларел
/[q͡χˀːotˀularel]/
🔒
4
|
| Future Participle |
къотӀилев
/[q͡χˀːotˀilew]/
🔒
0
|
къотӀилей
/[q͡χˀːotˀilej]/
🔒
0
|
къотӀилеб
/[q͡χˀːotˀileb]/
🔒
2
|
къотӀилел
/[q͡χˀːotˀilel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle Negative |
къотӀиларев
/[q͡χˀːotˀilarew]/
0
|
къотӀиларей
/[q͡χˀːotˀilarej]/
0
|
къотӀилареб
/[q͡χˀːotˀilareb]/
0
|
къотӀиларел
/[q͡χˀːotˀilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
къотӀизехъин
[q͡χˀːotˀizeq͡χːin]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
къотӀизехъинро
[q͡χˀːotˀizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
къотӀеяв
/[q͡χˀːotˀejaw]/
0
|
къотӀеяй
/[q͡χˀːotˀejaj]/
0
|
къотӀеяб
/[q͡χˀːotˀejab]/
0
|
къотӀеял
/[q͡χʼːotʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
къотӀарав
30
|
къотӀарай
4
|
къотӀараб
178
|
къотӀарал
57
|
| Ergative |
къотӀарас
0
|
къотӀаралъ
0
|
къотӀаралъ
0
|
къотӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
къотӀарасул
2
|
къотӀаралъул
0
|
къотӀаралъул
0
|
къотӀаразул
5
|
| Dative |
къотӀарасе
2
|
къотӀаралъе
0
|
къотӀаралъе
0
|
къотӀаразе
5
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
къотӀарасда
0
|
къотӀаралъда
0
|
къотӀаралъда
0
|
къотӀаразда
1
|
| Allative (-де) |
къотӀарасде
0
|
къотӀаралъде
0
|
къотӀаралъде
0
|
къотӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
къотӀарасдаса
0
|
къотӀаралъдаса
0
|
къотӀаралъдаса
0
|
къотӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
къотӀарасдасан
0
|
къотӀаралъдасан
0
|
къотӀаралъдасан
0
|
къотӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
къотӀарасухъ
0
|
къотӀаралъухъ
1
|
къотӀаралъухъ
1
|
къотӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
къотӀарасухъе
0
|
къотӀаралъухъе
0
|
къотӀаралъухъе
0
|
къотӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
къотӀарасухъа
1
|
къотӀаралъухъа
0
|
къотӀаралъухъа
0
|
къотӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
къотӀарасухъан
0
|
къотӀаралъухъан
0
|
къотӀаралъухъан
0
|
къотӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
къотӀарасулъ
0
|
къотӀаралъулъ
0
|
къотӀаралъулъ
0
|
къотӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
къотӀарасулъе
0
|
къотӀаралъулъе
0
|
къотӀаралъулъе
0
|
къотӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
къотӀарасулъа
0
|
къотӀаралъулъа
0
|
къотӀаралъулъа
0
|
къотӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
къотӀарасулъан
0
|
къотӀаралъулъан
0
|
къотӀаралъулъан
0
|
къотӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
къотӀарасукь
0
|
къотӀаралъукь
0
|
къотӀаралъукь
0
|
къотӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
къотӀарасукье
0
|
къотӀаралъукье
0
|
къотӀаралъукье
0
|
къотӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
къотӀарасукьа
0
|
къотӀаралъукьа
0
|
къотӀаралъукьа
0
|
къотӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
къотӀарасукьан
0
|
къотӀаралъукьан
0
|
къотӀаралъукьан
0
|
къотӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
къотӀун
[q͡χʼːotʼun]
🔒
690
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
къотӀун
[q͡χˀːotˀun]
🔒
690
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
къотӀичӀого
[q͡χˀːotˀit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
217
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
къотӀулаго
[q͡χˀːotˀulago]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
къотӀуларого
[q͡χˀːotˀularogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
къотӀи
[q͡χˀːotˀi]
🔒
907
|
|||
| Infinitive |
къотӀизе
[q͡χˀːotˀize]
🔒
401
|
|||
| Causative |
къотӀизавизе
/[q͡χʼːotʼizawize]/
🔒
2
|
къотӀизайизе
/[q͡χʼːotʼizajize]/
🔒
1
|
къотӀизабизе
/[q͡χˀːotˀizabize]/
🔒
28
|
къотӀизаризе
/[q͡χʼːotʼizarize]/
🔒
3
|
| Causative Negative |
къотӀизавуларо
/[q͡χʼːotʼizawularo]/
0
|
къотӀизайуларо
/[q͡χʼːotʼizajularo]/
0
|
къотӀизабуларо
/[q͡χˀːotˀizabularo]/
0
|
къотӀизаруларо
/[q͡χʼːotʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
къотӀиаризе
[q͡χˀːotˀijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
къотӀиариларо
[q͡χˀːotˀijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
къотӀ-къотӀизе
[q͡χˀːotˀ-q͡χˀːotˀize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
къотӀ-къотӀиларо
[q͡χˀːotˀ-q͡χˀːotˀilaro]
0
|
|||