Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
брызгать
брызгаться
забрызгать
обрызгаться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: tʼiraghine
Derivation Method
Suffix
Derivation Suffix
-агъине
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
172203
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[tʼiraʁunew wugo]/ |
/[tʼiraʁunej jigo]/ |
/[tʼiraʁuneb bugo]/ |
/[tʼiraʁunel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[tʼiraʁunew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[tʼiraʁunej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[tʼiraʁuneb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[tʼiraʁunel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
тӀирагъана
[tˀiraʁana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
тӀирагъинчӀо
[tˀiraʁint͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
тӀирагъина
[tˀiraʁina]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
тӀирагъинаро
[tˀiraʁinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
тӀирагъуна
[tˀiraʁuna]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
тӀирагъунаро
[tˀiraʁunaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
тӀирагъунаан
[tʼiraʁunajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
тӀирагъунароан
[tʼiraʁunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
тӀирагъа
[tˀiraʁa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
тӀирагъунге
[tˀiraʁunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
тӀирагъаги
[tˀiraʁagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
тӀирагъунгеги
[tˀiraʁungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
тӀирагъинин
[tʼiraʁinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
тӀирагъани
[tˀiraʁani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
тӀирагъинчӀони
[tˀiraʁint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀирагъанищ
[tˀiraʁaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀирагъинчӀищ
[tˀiraʁint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀирагъунищ
[tˀiraʁuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀирагъунарищ
[tˀiraʁunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀирагъинищ
[tˀiraʁiniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀирагъинарищ
[tˀiraʁinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
тӀирагъарав
/[tʼiraʁaraw]/
0
|
тӀирагъарай
/[tʼiraʁaraj]/
0
|
тӀирагъараб
/[tʼiraʁarab]/
0
|
тӀирагъарал
/[tʼiraʁaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
тӀирагъинчӀев
/[tʼiraʁint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
тӀирагъинчӀей
/[tʼiraʁint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
тӀирагъинчӀеб
/[tʼiraʁint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
тӀирагъинчӀел
/[tʼiraʁint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
тӀирагъунев
/[tʼiraʁunew]/
0
|
тӀирагъуней
/[tʼiraʁunej]/
0
|
тӀирагъунеб
/[tʼiraʁuneb]/
0
|
тӀирагъунел
/[tʼiraʁunel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
тӀирагъунарев
/[tʼiraʁunarew]/
0
|
тӀирагъунарей
/[tʼiraʁunarej]/
0
|
тӀирагъунареб
/[tʼiraʁunareb]/
0
|
тӀирагъунарел
/[tʼiraʁunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
тӀирагъинев
/[tʼiraʁinew]/
0
|
тӀирагъиней
/[tʼiraʁinej]/
0
|
тӀирагъинеб
/[tʼiraʁineb]/
0
|
тӀирагъинел
/[tʼiraʁinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
тӀирагъинарев
/[tʼiraʁinarew]/
0
|
тӀирагъинарей
/[tʼiraʁinarej]/
0
|
тӀирагъинареб
/[tʼiraʁinareb]/
0
|
тӀирагъинарел
/[tʼiraʁinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
тӀирагъинехъин
[tʼiraʁineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
тӀирагъинехъинро
[tʼiraʁineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
тӀирагъаяв
/[tˀiraʁajaw]/
0
|
тӀирагъаяй
/[tˀiraʁajaj]/
0
|
тӀирагъаяб
/[tˀiraʁajab]/
0
|
тӀирагъаял
/[tʼiraʁajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
тӀирагъарав
0
|
тӀирагъарай
0
|
тӀирагъараб
0
|
тӀирагъарал
0
|
| Ergative |
тӀирагъарас
0
|
тӀирагъаралъ
0
|
тӀирагъаралъ
0
|
тӀирагъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
тӀирагъарасул
0
|
тӀирагъаралъул
0
|
тӀирагъаралъул
0
|
тӀирагъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
тӀирагъарасе
0
|
тӀирагъаралъе
0
|
тӀирагъаралъе
0
|
тӀирагъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
тӀирагъарасда
0
|
тӀирагъаралъда
0
|
тӀирагъаралъда
0
|
тӀирагъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
тӀирагъарасде
0
|
тӀирагъаралъде
0
|
тӀирагъаралъде
0
|
тӀирагъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
тӀирагъарасдаса
0
|
тӀирагъаралъдаса
0
|
тӀирагъаралъдаса
0
|
тӀирагъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
тӀирагъарасдасан
0
|
тӀирагъаралъдасан
0
|
тӀирагъаралъдасан
0
|
тӀирагъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
тӀирагъарасухъ
0
|
тӀирагъаралъухъ
0
|
тӀирагъаралъухъ
0
|
тӀирагъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
тӀирагъарасухъе
0
|
тӀирагъаралъухъе
0
|
тӀирагъаралъухъе
0
|
тӀирагъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
тӀирагъарасухъа
0
|
тӀирагъаралъухъа
0
|
тӀирагъаралъухъа
0
|
тӀирагъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
тӀирагъарасухъан
0
|
тӀирагъаралъухъан
0
|
тӀирагъаралъухъан
0
|
тӀирагъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
тӀирагъарасулъ
0
|
тӀирагъаралъулъ
0
|
тӀирагъаралъулъ
0
|
тӀирагъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
тӀирагъарасулъе
0
|
тӀирагъаралъулъе
0
|
тӀирагъаралъулъе
0
|
тӀирагъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
тӀирагъарасулъа
0
|
тӀирагъаралъулъа
0
|
тӀирагъаралъулъа
0
|
тӀирагъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
тӀирагъарасулъан
0
|
тӀирагъаралъулъан
0
|
тӀирагъаралъулъан
0
|
тӀирагъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
тӀирагъарасукь
0
|
тӀирагъаралъукь
0
|
тӀирагъаралъукь
0
|
тӀирагъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
тӀирагъарасукье
0
|
тӀирагъаралъукье
0
|
тӀирагъаралъукье
0
|
тӀирагъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
тӀирагъарасукьа
0
|
тӀирагъаралъукьа
0
|
тӀирагъаралъукьа
0
|
тӀирагъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
тӀирагъарасукьан
0
|
тӀирагъаралъукьан
0
|
тӀирагъаралъукьан
0
|
тӀирагъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
тӀирагъун
[tʼiraʁun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
тӀирагъун
[tʼiraʁun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
тӀирагъинчӀого
[tˀiraʁint͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
тӀирагъунаго
[tʼiraʁunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
тӀирагъунарого
[tˀiraʁunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
тӀирагъин
[tʼiraʁin]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
тӀирагъине
[tˀiraʁine]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
тӀирагъинавизе
/[tʼiraʁinawize]/
🔒
0
|
тӀирагъинайизе
/[tʼiraʁinajize]/
0
|
тӀирагъинабизе
/[tʼiraʁinabize]/
🔒
0
|
тӀирагъинаризе
/[tʼiraʁinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
тӀирагъинавуларо
/[tʼiraʁinawularo]/
0
|
тӀирагъинайуларо
/[tʼiraʁinajularo]/
0
|
тӀирагъинабуларо
/[tˀiraʁinabularo]/
0
|
тӀирагъинаруларо
/[tʼiraʁinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
тӀирагъанхъизе
[tʼiraʁanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
тӀирагъанхъиларо
[tˀiraʁanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
тӀирагъ-тӀирагъине
[tˀiraʁ-tˀiraʁine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
тӀирагъ-тӀирагъинаро
[tˀiraʁ-tˀiraʁinaro]
0
|
|||