Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ch'entl'eze
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
172208
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolew wugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolej jigo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːoleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːoleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
чӀенкьена
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːena]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
чӀенкьечӀо
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чӀенкьела
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːela]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чӀенкьеларо
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чӀенкьола
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːola]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
чӀенкьоларо
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чӀенкьолаан
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
чӀенкьолароан
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чӀенкье
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чӀенкьоге
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːoge]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чӀенкьеги
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чӀенкьогеги
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːogegi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чӀенкьезин
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чӀенкьени
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːeni]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чӀенкьечӀони
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼoni]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀенкьенищ
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːeniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀенкьечӀищ
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀенкьолищ
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀенкьоларищ
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀенкьелищ
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀенкьеларищ
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чӀенкьерав
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːeraw]/
0
|
чӀенкьерай
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːeraj]/
0
|
чӀенкьераб
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːerab]/
0
|
чӀенкьерал
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːeral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чӀенкьечӀев
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
чӀенкьечӀей
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
чӀенкьечӀеб
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
чӀенкьечӀел
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чӀенкьолев
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolew]/
0
|
чӀенкьолей
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolej]/
0
|
чӀенкьолеб
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːoleb]/
0
|
чӀенкьолел
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чӀенкьоларев
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolarew]/
0
|
чӀенкьоларей
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolarej]/
0
|
чӀенкьолареб
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolareb]/
0
|
чӀенкьоларел
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
чӀенкьелев
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːelew]/
0
|
чӀенкьелей
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːelej]/
0
|
чӀенкьелеб
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːeleb]/
0
|
чӀенкьелел
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чӀенкьеларев
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːelarew]/
0
|
чӀенкьеларей
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːelarej]/
0
|
чӀенкьелареб
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːelareb]/
0
|
чӀенкьеларел
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чӀенкьезехъин
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːezeq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чӀенкьезехъинро
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чӀенкьеяв
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːejaw]/
0
|
чӀенкьеяй
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːejaj]/
0
|
чӀенкьеяб
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːejab]/
0
|
чӀенкьеял
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чӀенкьерав
0
|
чӀенкьерай
0
|
чӀенкьераб
0
|
чӀенкьерал
0
|
| Ergative |
чӀенкьерас
0
|
чӀенкьералъ
0
|
чӀенкьералъ
0
|
чӀенкьераз
0
|
| Genitive |
чӀенкьерасул
0
|
чӀенкьералъул
0
|
чӀенкьералъул
0
|
чӀенкьеразул
0
|
| Dative |
чӀенкьерасе
0
|
чӀенкьералъе
0
|
чӀенкьералъе
0
|
чӀенкьеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чӀенкьерасда
0
|
чӀенкьералъда
0
|
чӀенкьералъда
0
|
чӀенкьеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чӀенкьерасде
0
|
чӀенкьералъде
0
|
чӀенкьералъде
0
|
чӀенкьеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чӀенкьерасдаса
0
|
чӀенкьералъдаса
0
|
чӀенкьералъдаса
0
|
чӀенкьераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чӀенкьерасдасан
0
|
чӀенкьералъдасан
0
|
чӀенкьералъдасан
0
|
чӀенкьераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чӀенкьерасухъ
0
|
чӀенкьералъухъ
0
|
чӀенкьералъухъ
0
|
чӀенкьеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чӀенкьерасухъе
0
|
чӀенкьералъухъе
0
|
чӀенкьералъухъе
0
|
чӀенкьеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чӀенкьерасухъа
0
|
чӀенкьералъухъа
0
|
чӀенкьералъухъа
0
|
чӀенкьеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чӀенкьерасухъан
0
|
чӀенкьералъухъан
0
|
чӀенкьералъухъан
0
|
чӀенкьеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чӀенкьерасулъ
0
|
чӀенкьералъулъ
0
|
чӀенкьералъулъ
0
|
чӀенкьеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чӀенкьерасулъе
0
|
чӀенкьералъулъе
0
|
чӀенкьералъулъе
0
|
чӀенкьеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чӀенкьерасулъа
0
|
чӀенкьералъулъа
0
|
чӀенкьералъулъа
0
|
чӀенкьеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чӀенкьерасулъан
0
|
чӀенкьералъулъан
0
|
чӀенкьералъулъан
0
|
чӀенкьеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чӀенкьерасукь
0
|
чӀенкьералъукь
0
|
чӀенкьералъукь
0
|
чӀенкьеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чӀенкьерасукье
0
|
чӀенкьералъукье
0
|
чӀенкьералъукье
0
|
чӀенкьеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чӀенкьерасукьа
0
|
чӀенкьералъукьа
0
|
чӀенкьералъукьа
0
|
чӀенкьеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чӀенкьерасукьан
0
|
чӀенкьералъукьан
0
|
чӀенкьералъукьан
0
|
чӀенкьеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чӀенкьон
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чӀенкьон
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːon]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чӀенкьечӀого
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чӀенкьолаго
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чӀенкьоларого
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чӀенкьей
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːej]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чӀенкьезе
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːeze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
чӀенкьезавизе
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːezawize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀенкьезайизе
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːezajize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀенкьезабизе
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːezabize]/
🔒
0
|
чӀенкьезаризе
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːezarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
чӀенкьезавуларо
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːezawularo]/
0
|
чӀенкьезайуларо
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːezajularo]/
0
|
чӀенкьезабуларо
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːezabularo]/
0
|
чӀенкьезаруларо
/[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чӀенкьеаризе
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːejarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чӀенкьеариларо
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːejarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чӀенкь-чӀенкьезе
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼː-t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чӀенкь-чӀенкьеларо
[t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼː-t͡ʃʼent͡ɬʼːelaro]
0
|
|||