Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
бряцать
греметь
дребезжать
звенеть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: zvargheze
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
172246
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[zwarʁolew wugo]/ |
/[zwarʁolej jigo]/ |
/[zwarʁoleb bugo]/ |
/[zwarʁolel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[zwarʁolew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[zwarʁolej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[zwarʁoleb het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[zwarʁolel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
зваргъена
[zwarʁena]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
зваргъечӀо
[zwarʁet͡ʃʼo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
зваргъела
[zwarʁela]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
зваргъеларо
[zwarʁelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
зваргъола
[zwarʁola]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
зваргъоларо
[zwarʁolaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
зваргъолаан
[zwarʁolajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
зваргъолароан
[zwarʁolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
зваргъе
[zwarʁe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
зваргъоге
[zwarʁoge]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Optative |
зваргъеги
[zwarʁegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
зваргъогеги
[zwarʁogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
зваргъезин
[zwarʁezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
зваргъени
[zwarʁeni]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
зваргъечӀони
[zwarʁet͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
зваргъенищ
[zwarʁeniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
зваргъечӀищ
[zwarʁet͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
зваргъолищ
[zwarʁoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
зваргъоларищ
[zwarʁolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
зваргъелищ
[zwarʁeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
зваргъеларищ
[zwarʁelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
зваргъерав
/[zwarʁeraw]/
0
|
зваргъерай
/[zwarʁeraj]/
0
|
зваргъераб
/[zwarʁerab]/
0
|
зваргъерал
/[zwarʁeral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
зваргъечӀев
/[zwarʁet͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
зваргъечӀей
/[zwarʁet͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
зваргъечӀеб
/[zwarʁet͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
зваргъечӀел
/[zwarʁet͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
зваргъолев
/[zwarʁolew]/
0
|
зваргъолей
/[zwarʁolej]/
0
|
зваргъолеб
/[zwarʁoleb]/
🔒
1
|
зваргъолел
/[zwarʁolel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
зваргъоларев
/[zwarʁolarew]/
0
|
зваргъоларей
/[zwarʁolarej]/
0
|
зваргъолареб
/[zwarʁolareb]/
0
|
зваргъоларел
/[zwarʁolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
зваргъелев
/[zwarʁelew]/
0
|
зваргъелей
/[zwarʁelej]/
0
|
зваргъелеб
/[zwarʁeleb]/
0
|
зваргъелел
/[zwarʁelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
зваргъеларев
/[zwarʁelarew]/
0
|
зваргъеларей
/[zwarʁelarej]/
0
|
зваргъелареб
/[zwarʁelareb]/
0
|
зваргъеларел
/[zwarʁelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
зваргъезехъин
[zwarʁezeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
зваргъезехъинро
[zwarʁezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
зваргъеяв
/[zwarʁejaw]/
0
|
зваргъеяй
/[zwarʁejaj]/
0
|
зваргъеяб
/[zwarʁejab]/
0
|
зваргъеял
/[zwarʁejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
зваргъерав
0
|
зваргъерай
0
|
зваргъераб
0
|
зваргъерал
0
|
| Ergative |
зваргъерас
0
|
зваргъералъ
0
|
зваргъералъ
0
|
зваргъераз
0
|
| Genitive |
зваргъерасул
0
|
зваргъералъул
0
|
зваргъералъул
0
|
зваргъеразул
0
|
| Dative |
зваргъерасе
0
|
зваргъералъе
0
|
зваргъералъе
0
|
зваргъеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
зваргъерасда
0
|
зваргъералъда
0
|
зваргъералъда
0
|
зваргъеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
зваргъерасде
0
|
зваргъералъде
0
|
зваргъералъде
0
|
зваргъеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
зваргъерасдаса
0
|
зваргъералъдаса
0
|
зваргъералъдаса
0
|
зваргъераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
зваргъерасдасан
0
|
зваргъералъдасан
0
|
зваргъералъдасан
0
|
зваргъераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
зваргъерасухъ
0
|
зваргъералъухъ
0
|
зваргъералъухъ
0
|
зваргъеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
зваргъерасухъе
0
|
зваргъералъухъе
0
|
зваргъералъухъе
0
|
зваргъеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
зваргъерасухъа
0
|
зваргъералъухъа
0
|
зваргъералъухъа
0
|
зваргъеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
зваргъерасухъан
0
|
зваргъералъухъан
0
|
зваргъералъухъан
0
|
зваргъеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
зваргъерасулъ
0
|
зваргъералъулъ
0
|
зваргъералъулъ
0
|
зваргъеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
зваргъерасулъе
0
|
зваргъералъулъе
0
|
зваргъералъулъе
0
|
зваргъеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
зваргъерасулъа
0
|
зваргъералъулъа
0
|
зваргъералъулъа
0
|
зваргъеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
зваргъерасулъан
0
|
зваргъералъулъан
0
|
зваргъералъулъан
0
|
зваргъеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
зваргъерасукь
0
|
зваргъералъукь
0
|
зваргъералъукь
0
|
зваргъеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
зваргъерасукье
0
|
зваргъералъукье
0
|
зваргъералъукье
0
|
зваргъеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
зваргъерасукьа
0
|
зваргъералъукьа
0
|
зваргъералъукьа
0
|
зваргъеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
зваргъерасукьан
0
|
зваргъералъукьан
0
|
зваргъералъукьан
0
|
зваргъеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
зваргъон
[zwarʁon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
зваргъон
[zwarʁon]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
зваргъечӀого
[zwarʁet͡ʃʼogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
зваргъолаго
[zwarʁolago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
зваргъоларого
[zwarʁolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
зваргъей
[zwarʁej]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
зваргъезе
[zwarʁeze]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
зваргъезавизе
/[zwarʁezawize]/
🔒
0
|
зваргъезайизе
/[zwarʁezajize]/
🔒
0
|
зваргъезабизе
/[zwarʁezabize]/
🔒
0
|
зваргъезаризе
/[zwarʁezarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
зваргъезавуларо
/[zwarʁezawularo]/
0
|
зваргъезайуларо
/[zwarʁezajularo]/
0
|
зваргъезабуларо
/[zwarʁezabularo]/
0
|
зваргъезаруларо
/[zwarʁezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
зваргъеаризе
[zwarʁejarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
зваргъеариларо
[zwarʁejarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
зваргъ-зваргъезе
[zwarʁ-zwarʁeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
зваргъ-зваргъеларо
[zwarʁ-zwarʁelaro]
0
|
|||