Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
бурчать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: khulkhudize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
172453
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[χulχudulew wugo]/ |
/[χulχudulej jigo]/ |
/[χulχuduleb bugo]/ |
/[χulχudulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[χulχudulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[χulχudulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[χulχuduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[χulχudulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
хулхудана
[χulχudana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хулхудичӀо
[χulχudit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хулхудила
[χulχudila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хулхудиларо
[χulχudilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хулхудула
[χulχudula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хулхудуларо
[χulχudularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хулхудулаан
[χulχudulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хулхудулароан
[χulχudularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хулхуде
[χulχude]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хулхудуге
[χulχuduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хулхудеги
[χulχudegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хулхудугеги
[χulχudugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хулхудизин
[χulχudizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хулхудани
[χulχudani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хулхудичӀони
[χulχudit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хулхуданищ
[χulχudaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хулхудичӀищ
[χulχudit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хулхудулищ
[χulχuduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хулхудуларищ
[χulχudulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хулхудилищ
[χulχudiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хулхудиларищ
[χulχudilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хулхударав
/[χulχudaraw]/
0
|
хулхударай
/[χulχudaraj]/
0
|
хулхудараб
/[χulχudarab]/
0
|
хулхударал
/[χulχudaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хулхудичӀев
/[χulχudit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
хулхудичӀей
/[χulχudit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
хулхудичӀеб
/[χulχudit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хулхудичӀел
/[χulχudit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хулхудулев
/[χulχudulew]/
0
|
хулхудулей
/[χulχudulej]/
0
|
хулхудулеб
/[χulχuduleb]/
0
|
хулхудулел
/[χulχudulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хулхудуларев
/[χulχudularew]/
0
|
хулхудуларей
/[χulχudularej]/
0
|
хулхудулареб
/[χulχudulareb]/
0
|
хулхудуларел
/[χulχudularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хулхудилев
/[χulχudilew]/
0
|
хулхудилей
/[χulχudilej]/
0
|
хулхудилеб
/[χulχudileb]/
0
|
хулхудилел
/[χulχudilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хулхудиларев
/[χulχudilarew]/
0
|
хулхудиларей
/[χulχudilarej]/
0
|
хулхудилареб
/[χulχudilareb]/
0
|
хулхудиларел
/[χulχudilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хулхудизехъин
[χulχudizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хулхудизехъинро
[χulχudizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хулхудеяв
/[χulχudejaw]/
0
|
хулхудеяй
/[χulχudejaj]/
0
|
хулхудеяб
/[χulχudejab]/
0
|
хулхудеял
/[χulχudejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хулхударав
0
|
хулхударай
0
|
хулхудараб
0
|
хулхударал
0
|
| Ergative |
хулхударас
0
|
хулхударалъ
0
|
хулхударалъ
0
|
хулхудараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хулхударасул
0
|
хулхударалъул
0
|
хулхударалъул
0
|
хулхударазул
0
|
| Dative |
хулхударасе
0
|
хулхударалъе
0
|
хулхударалъе
0
|
хулхударазе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хулхударасда
0
|
хулхударалъда
0
|
хулхударалъда
0
|
хулхударазда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хулхударасде
0
|
хулхударалъде
0
|
хулхударалъде
0
|
хулхударазде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хулхударасдаса
0
|
хулхударалъдаса
0
|
хулхударалъдаса
0
|
хулхудараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хулхударасдасан
0
|
хулхударалъдасан
0
|
хулхударалъдасан
0
|
хулхудараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хулхударасухъ
0
|
хулхударалъухъ
0
|
хулхударалъухъ
0
|
хулхударазухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хулхударасухъе
0
|
хулхударалъухъе
0
|
хулхударалъухъе
0
|
хулхударазухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хулхударасухъа
0
|
хулхударалъухъа
0
|
хулхударалъухъа
0
|
хулхударазухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хулхударасухъан
0
|
хулхударалъухъан
0
|
хулхударалъухъан
0
|
хулхударазухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хулхударасулъ
0
|
хулхударалъулъ
0
|
хулхударалъулъ
0
|
хулхударазулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хулхударасулъе
0
|
хулхударалъулъе
0
|
хулхударалъулъе
0
|
хулхударазулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хулхударасулъа
0
|
хулхударалъулъа
0
|
хулхударалъулъа
0
|
хулхударазулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хулхударасулъан
0
|
хулхударалъулъан
0
|
хулхударалъулъан
0
|
хулхударазулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хулхударасукь
0
|
хулхударалъукь
0
|
хулхударалъукь
0
|
хулхударазукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хулхударасукье
0
|
хулхударалъукье
0
|
хулхударалъукье
0
|
хулхударазукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хулхударасукьа
0
|
хулхударалъукьа
0
|
хулхударалъукьа
0
|
хулхударазукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хулхударасукьан
0
|
хулхударалъукьан
0
|
хулхударалъукьан
0
|
хулхударазукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хулхудун
[χulχudun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хулхудун
[χulχudun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хулхудичӀого
[χulχudit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хулхудулаго
[χulχudulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хулхудуларого
[χulχudularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хулхуди
[χulχudi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хулхудизе
[χulχudize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
хулхудизавизе
/[χulχudizawize]/
0
|
хулхудизайизе
/[χulχudizajize]/
0
|
хулхудизабизе
/[χulχudizabize]/
0
|
хулхудизаризе
/[χulχudizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хулхудизавуларо
/[χulχudizawularo]/
0
|
хулхудизайуларо
/[χulχudizajularo]/
0
|
хулхудизабуларо
/[χulχudizabularo]/
0
|
хулхудизаруларо
/[χulχudizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хулхудиаризе
[χulχudijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хулхудиариларо
[χulχudijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хулхуд-хулхудизе
[χulχud-χulχudize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хулхуд-хулхудиларо
[χulχud-χulχudilaro]
0
|
|||