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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: kutsaze
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
172651
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
113
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
куцана
[kʰut͡sana]
🔒
54
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
куцачӀо
[kʰut͡sat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
куцала
[kʰut͡sala]
🔒
38
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
куцаларо
[kʰut͡salaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
куцала
[kʰut͡sala]
🔒
38
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
куцаларо
[kʰut͡salaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
куцалаан
[kʰut͡salajan]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
куцалароан
[kʰut͡salarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
куца
[kʰut͡sa]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
куцаге
[kʰut͡sage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
куцаги
[kʰut͡sagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
куцагеги
[kʰut͡sagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
куцазин
[kʰut͡sazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
куцани
[kʰut͡sani]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
куцачӀони
[kʰut͡sat͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
куцанищ
[kʰut͡saniʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
куцачӀищ
[kʰut͡sat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
куцалищ
[kʰut͡saliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
куцаларищ
[kʰut͡salariʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
куцалищ
[kʰut͡saliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
куцаларищ
[kʰut͡salariʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
куцарав
/[kʰut͡saraw]/
🔒
26
|
куцарай
/[kʰut͡saraj]/
🔒
4
|
куцараб
/[kʰut͡sarab]/
🔒
23
|
куцарал
/[kʰut͡saral]/
🔒
72
|
| Past Participle Negative |
куцачӀев
/[kʰut͡sat͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
1
|
куцачӀей
/[kʰut͡sat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
куцачӀеб
/[kʰut͡sat͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
1
|
куцачӀел
/[kʰut͡sat͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
2
|
| Present Participle |
куцалев
/[kʰut͡salew]/
🔒
12
|
куцалей
/[kʰut͡salej]/
🔒
4
|
куцалеб
/[kʰut͡saleb]/
🔒
32
|
куцалел
/[kʰut͡salel]/
🔒
39
|
| Present Participle Negative |
куцаларев
/[kʰut͡salarew]/
0
|
куцаларей
/[kʰut͡salarej]/
0
|
куцалареб
/[kʰut͡salareb]/
0
|
куцаларел
/[kʰut͡salarel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle |
куцалев
/[kʰut͡salew]/
🔒
12
|
куцалей
/[kʰut͡salej]/
🔒
4
|
куцалеб
/[kʰut͡saleb]/
🔒
32
|
куцалел
/[kʰut͡salel]/
🔒
39
|
| Future Participle Negative |
куцаларев
/[kʰut͡salarew]/
0
|
куцаларей
/[kʰut͡salarej]/
0
|
куцалареб
/[kʰut͡salareb]/
0
|
куцаларел
/[kʰut͡salarel]/
🔒
1
|
| Intentional Participle |
куцазехъин
[kʰut͡sazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
куцазехъинро
[kʰut͡sazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
куцаяв
/[kʰut͡sajaw]/
0
|
куцаяй
/[kʰut͡sajaj]/
0
|
куцаяб
/[kʰut͡sajab]/
0
|
куцаял
/[kʰut͡sajal]/
🔒
1
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
куцарав
26
|
куцарай
4
|
куцараб
23
|
куцарал
72
|
| Ergative |
куцарас
0
|
куцаралъ
0
|
куцаралъ
0
|
куцараз
0
|
| Genitive |
куцарасул
0
|
куцаралъул
0
|
куцаралъул
0
|
куцаразул
3
|
| Dative |
куцарасе
0
|
куцаралъе
0
|
куцаралъе
0
|
куцаразе
1
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
куцарасда
0
|
куцаралъда
0
|
куцаралъда
0
|
куцаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
куцарасде
0
|
куцаралъде
0
|
куцаралъде
0
|
куцаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
куцарасдаса
0
|
куцаралъдаса
0
|
куцаралъдаса
0
|
куцараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
куцарасдасан
0
|
куцаралъдасан
0
|
куцаралъдасан
0
|
куцараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
куцарасухъ
0
|
куцаралъухъ
4
|
куцаралъухъ
4
|
куцаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
куцарасухъе
0
|
куцаралъухъе
0
|
куцаралъухъе
0
|
куцаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
куцарасухъа
0
|
куцаралъухъа
0
|
куцаралъухъа
0
|
куцаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
куцарасухъан
0
|
куцаралъухъан
0
|
куцаралъухъан
0
|
куцаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
куцарасулъ
0
|
куцаралъулъ
0
|
куцаралъулъ
0
|
куцаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
куцарасулъе
0
|
куцаралъулъе
0
|
куцаралъулъе
0
|
куцаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
куцарасулъа
0
|
куцаралъулъа
0
|
куцаралъулъа
0
|
куцаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
куцарасулъан
0
|
куцаралъулъан
0
|
куцаралъулъан
0
|
куцаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
куцарасукь
0
|
куцаралъукь
0
|
куцаралъукь
0
|
куцаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
куцарасукье
0
|
куцаралъукье
0
|
куцаралъукье
0
|
куцаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
куцарасукьа
0
|
куцаралъукьа
0
|
куцаралъукьа
0
|
куцаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
куцарасукьан
0
|
куцаралъукьан
0
|
куцаралъукьан
0
|
куцаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
куцан
[kʰut͡san]
🔒
23
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
куцан
[kʰut͡san]
🔒
23
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
куцачӀого
[kʰut͡sat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
куцалаго
[kʰut͡salago]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
куцаларого
[kʰut͡salarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
куцай
[kʰut͡saj]
🔒
69
|
|||
| Infinitive |
куцазе
[kʰut͡saze]
🔒
113
|
|||
| Causative |
куцазавизе
/[kʰut͡sazawize]/
0
|
куцазайизе
/[kʰut͡sazajize]/
0
|
куцазабизе
/[kʰut͡sazabize]/
0
|
куцазаризе
/[kʰut͡sazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
куцазавуларо
/[kʰut͡sazawularo]/
0
|
куцазайуларо
/[kʰut͡sazajularo]/
0
|
куцазабуларо
/[kʰut͡sazabularo]/
0
|
куцазаруларо
/[kʰut͡sazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
куцааризе
[kʰut͡sajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
куцаариларо
[kʰut͡sajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
куца-куцазе
[kʰut͡sa-kʰut͡saze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
куца-куцаларо
[kʰut͡sa-kʰut͡salaro]
0
|
|||