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Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: tʼirshchadize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
172656
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[tˀirʃːadulew wugo]/ |
/[tˀirʃːadulej jigo]/ |
/[tˀirʃːaduleb bugo]/ |
/[tˀirʃːadulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[tˀirʃːadulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀirʃːadulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀirʃːaduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀirʃːadulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
тӀирщадана
[tˀirʃːadana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
тӀирщадичӀо
[tˀirʃːadit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
тӀирщадила
[tˀirʃːadila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
тӀирщадиларо
[tˀirʃːadilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
тӀирщадула
[tˀirʃːadula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
тӀирщадуларо
[tˀirʃːadularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
тӀирщадулаан
[tʼirʃːadulaan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
тӀирщадулароан
[tʼirʃːadularoan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
тӀирщаде
[tˀirʃːade]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
тӀирщадуге
[tˀirʃːaduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
тӀирщадеги
[tʼirʃːadegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
тӀирщадугеги
[tˀirʃːadugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
тӀирщадизин
[tˀirʃːadizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
тӀирщадани
[tˀirʃːadani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
тӀирщадичӀони
[tˀirʃːadit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀирщаданищ
[tˀirʃːadaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀирщадичӀищ
[tˀirʃːadit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀирщадулищ
[tˀirʃːaduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀирщадуларищ
[tˀirʃːadulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀирщадилищ
[tˀirʃːadiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀирщадиларищ
[tˀirʃːadilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
тӀирщадарав
/[tˀirʃːadaraw]/
0
|
тӀирщадарай
/[tˀirʃːadaraj]/
0
|
тӀирщадараб
/[tˀirʃːadarab]/
0
|
тӀирщадарал
/[tˀirʃːadaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
тӀирщадичӀев
/[tˀirʃːadit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
тӀирщадичӀей
/[tˀirʃːadit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
тӀирщадичӀеб
/[tˀirʃːadit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
тӀирщадичӀел
/[tˀirʃːadit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
тӀирщадулев
/[tˀirʃːadulew]/
0
|
тӀирщадулей
/[tˀirʃːadulej]/
0
|
тӀирщадулеб
/[tˀirʃːaduleb]/
0
|
тӀирщадулел
/[tˀirʃːadulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
тӀирщадуларев
/[tˀirʃːadularew]/
0
|
тӀирщадуларей
/[tˀirʃːadularej]/
0
|
тӀирщадулареб
/[tˀirʃːadulareb]/
0
|
тӀирщадуларел
/[tˀirʃːadularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
тӀирщадилев
/[tˀirʃːadilew]/
0
|
тӀирщадилей
/[tˀirʃːadilej]/
0
|
тӀирщадилеб
/[tˀirʃːadileb]/
0
|
тӀирщадилел
/[tˀirʃːadilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
тӀирщадиларев
/[tˀirʃːadilarew]/
0
|
тӀирщадиларей
/[tˀirʃːadilarej]/
0
|
тӀирщадилареб
/[tˀirʃːadilareb]/
0
|
тӀирщадиларел
/[tˀirʃːadilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
тӀирщадизехъин
[tˀirʃːadizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
тӀирщадизехъинро
[tˀirʃːadizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
тӀирщадеяв
/[tˀirʃːadejaw]/
0
|
тӀирщадеяй
/[tˀirʃːadejaj]/
0
|
тӀирщадеяб
/[tˀirʃːadejab]/
0
|
тӀирщадеял
/[tʼirʃːadejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
тӀирщадарав
0
|
тӀирщадарай
0
|
тӀирщадараб
0
|
тӀирщадарал
0
|
| Ergative |
тӀирщадарас
0
|
тӀирщадаралъ
0
|
тӀирщадаралъ
0
|
тӀирщадараз
0
|
| Genitive |
тӀирщадарасул
0
|
тӀирщадаралъул
0
|
тӀирщадаралъул
0
|
тӀирщадаразул
0
|
| Dative |
тӀирщадарасе
0
|
тӀирщадаралъе
0
|
тӀирщадаралъе
0
|
тӀирщадаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
тӀирщадарасда
0
|
тӀирщадаралъда
0
|
тӀирщадаралъда
0
|
тӀирщадаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
тӀирщадарасде
0
|
тӀирщадаралъде
0
|
тӀирщадаралъде
0
|
тӀирщадаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
тӀирщадарасдаса
0
|
тӀирщадаралъдаса
0
|
тӀирщадаралъдаса
0
|
тӀирщадараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
тӀирщадарасдасан
0
|
тӀирщадаралъдасан
0
|
тӀирщадаралъдасан
0
|
тӀирщадараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
тӀирщадарасухъ
0
|
тӀирщадаралъухъ
0
|
тӀирщадаралъухъ
0
|
тӀирщадаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
тӀирщадарасухъе
0
|
тӀирщадаралъухъе
0
|
тӀирщадаралъухъе
0
|
тӀирщадаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
тӀирщадарасухъа
0
|
тӀирщадаралъухъа
0
|
тӀирщадаралъухъа
0
|
тӀирщадаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
тӀирщадарасухъан
0
|
тӀирщадаралъухъан
0
|
тӀирщадаралъухъан
0
|
тӀирщадаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
тӀирщадарасулъ
0
|
тӀирщадаралъулъ
0
|
тӀирщадаралъулъ
0
|
тӀирщадаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
тӀирщадарасулъе
0
|
тӀирщадаралъулъе
0
|
тӀирщадаралъулъе
0
|
тӀирщадаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
тӀирщадарасулъа
0
|
тӀирщадаралъулъа
0
|
тӀирщадаралъулъа
0
|
тӀирщадаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
тӀирщадарасулъан
0
|
тӀирщадаралъулъан
0
|
тӀирщадаралъулъан
0
|
тӀирщадаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
тӀирщадарасукь
0
|
тӀирщадаралъукь
0
|
тӀирщадаралъукь
0
|
тӀирщадаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
тӀирщадарасукье
0
|
тӀирщадаралъукье
0
|
тӀирщадаралъукье
0
|
тӀирщадаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
тӀирщадарасукьа
0
|
тӀирщадаралъукьа
0
|
тӀирщадаралъукьа
0
|
тӀирщадаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
тӀирщадарасукьан
0
|
тӀирщадаралъукьан
0
|
тӀирщадаралъукьан
0
|
тӀирщадаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
тӀирщадун
[tʼirʃːadun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
тӀирщадун
[tˀirʃːadun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
тӀирщадичӀого
[tˀirʃːadit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
тӀирщадулаго
[tˀirʃːadulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
тӀирщадуларого
[tˀirʃːadularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
тӀирщади
[tˀirʃːadi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
тӀирщадизе
[tˀirʃːadize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
тӀирщадизавизе
/[tʼirʃːadizawize]/
0
|
тӀирщадизайизе
/[tʼirʃːadizajize]/
0
|
тӀирщадизабизе
/[tˀirʃːadizabize]/
0
|
тӀирщадизаризе
/[tʼirʃːadizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
тӀирщадизавуларо
/[tʼirʃːadizawularo]/
0
|
тӀирщадизайуларо
/[tʼirʃːadizajularo]/
0
|
тӀирщадизабуларо
/[tˀirʃːadizabularo]/
0
|
тӀирщадизаруларо
/[tʼirʃːadizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
тӀирщадиаризе
[tˀirʃːadiarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
тӀирщадиариларо
[tˀirʃːadiarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
тӀирщад-тӀирщадизе
[tˀirʃːad-tˀirʃːadize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
тӀирщад-тӀирщадиларо
[tˀirʃːad-tˀirʃːadilaro]
0
|
|||