Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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даровать
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доверить
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кредитовать
наделить
насыпать
облечь
обнести
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отвести
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передать
подать
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: tl'eze
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
172761
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
4696
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
кьуна
[t͡ɬʼːuna]
🔒
4815
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
кьечӀо
[t͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼo]
🔒
183
|
|||
| Future Simple |
кьила
[t͡ɬʼːila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
кьиларо
[t͡ɬʼːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
кьола
[t͡ɬʼːola]
🔒
1277
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
кьоларо
[t͡ɬʼːolaro]
🔒
147
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
кьолаан
[t͡ɬʼːolajan]
🔒
411
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
кьолароан
[t͡ɬʼːolarojan]
🔒
35
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
кье
[t͡ɬʼːe]
🔒
232
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
кьоге
[t͡ɬʼːoge]
🔒
25
|
|||
| Optative |
кьеги
[t͡ɬʼːegi]
🔒
637
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
кьогеги
[t͡ɬʼːogegi]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Hortative |
кьейзин
[t͡ɬʼːejzin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
кьуни
[t͡ɬʼːuni]
🔒
161
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
кьечӀони
[t͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼoni]
🔒
79
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
кьунищ
[t͡ɬʼːuniʃː]
🔒
8
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьечӀищ
[t͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼiʃː]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
кьолищ
[t͡ɬʼːoliʃː]
🔒
6
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьоларищ
[t͡ɬʼːolariʃː]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
кьилищ
[t͡ɬʼːiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьиларищ
[t͡ɬʼːilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
кьурав
/[t͡ɬʼːuraw]/
🔒
247
|
кьурай
/[t͡ɬʼːuraj]/
🔒
56
|
кьураб
/[t͡ɬʼːurab]/
🔒
1464
|
кьурал
/[t͡ɬʼːural]/
🔒
729
|
| Past Participle Negative |
кьечӀев
/[t͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼew]/
🔒
17
|
кьечӀей
/[t͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
кьечӀеб
/[t͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼeb]/
🔒
53
|
кьечӀел
/[t͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼel]/
🔒
32
|
| Present Participle |
кьолев
/[t͡ɬʼːolew]/
🔒
203
|
кьолей
/[t͡ɬʼːolej]/
🔒
71
|
кьолеб
/[t͡ɬʼːoleb]/
🔒
3341
|
кьолел
/[t͡ɬʼːolel]/
🔒
1168
|
| Present Participle Negative |
кьоларев
/[t͡ɬʼːolarew]/
🔒
15
|
кьоларей
/[t͡ɬʼːolarej]/
0
|
кьолареб
/[t͡ɬʼːolareb]/
🔒
84
|
кьоларел
/[t͡ɬʼːolarel]/
🔒
50
|
| Future Participle |
кьилев
/[t͡ɬʼːilew]/
0
|
кьилей
/[t͡ɬʼːilej]/
0
|
кьилеб
/[t͡ɬʼːileb]/
0
|
кьилел
/[t͡ɬʼːilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
кьиларев
/[t͡ɬʼːilarew]/
0
|
кьиларей
/[t͡ɬʼːilarej]/
0
|
кьилареб
/[t͡ɬʼːilareb]/
0
|
кьиларел
/[t͡ɬʼːilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
кьезехъин
[t͡ɬʼːezeq͡χːin]
🔒
19
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
кьезехъинро
[t͡ɬʼːezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
кьеяв
/[t͡ɬʼːejaw]/
🔒
6
|
кьеяй
/[t͡ɬʼːejaj]/
🔒
1
|
кьеяб
/[t͡ɬʼːejab]/
0
|
кьеял
/[t͡ɬʼːejal]/
🔒
6
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
кьурав
247
|
кьурай
56
|
кьураб
1464
|
кьурал
729
|
| Ergative |
кьурас
5
|
кьуралъ
0
|
кьуралъ
0
|
кьураз
5
|
| Genitive |
кьурасул
4
|
кьуралъул
3
|
кьуралъул
3
|
кьуразул
19
|
| Dative |
кьурасе
4
|
кьуралъе
0
|
кьуралъе
0
|
кьуразе
11
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
кьурасда
4
|
кьуралъда
0
|
кьуралъда
0
|
кьуразда
6
|
| Allative (-де) |
кьурасде
0
|
кьуралъде
0
|
кьуралъде
0
|
кьуразде
1
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
кьурасдаса
0
|
кьуралъдаса
0
|
кьуралъдаса
0
|
кьураздаса
3
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
кьурасдасан
0
|
кьуралъдасан
0
|
кьуралъдасан
0
|
кьураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
кьурасухъ
0
|
кьуралъухъ
52
|
кьуралъухъ
52
|
кьуразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
кьурасухъе
0
|
кьуралъухъе
0
|
кьуралъухъе
0
|
кьуразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
кьурасухъа
0
|
кьуралъухъа
0
|
кьуралъухъа
0
|
кьуразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
кьурасухъан
0
|
кьуралъухъан
0
|
кьуралъухъан
0
|
кьуразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
кьурасулъ
0
|
кьуралъулъ
0
|
кьуралъулъ
0
|
кьуразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
кьурасулъе
0
|
кьуралъулъе
0
|
кьуралъулъе
0
|
кьуразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
кьурасулъа
0
|
кьуралъулъа
0
|
кьуралъулъа
0
|
кьуразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
кьурасулъан
0
|
кьуралъулъан
0
|
кьуралъулъан
0
|
кьуразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
кьурасукь
0
|
кьуралъукь
0
|
кьуралъукь
0
|
кьуразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
кьурасукье
0
|
кьуралъукье
0
|
кьуралъукье
0
|
кьуразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
кьурасукьа
0
|
кьуралъукьа
0
|
кьуралъукьа
0
|
кьуразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
кьурасукьан
0
|
кьуралъукьан
0
|
кьуралъукьан
0
|
кьуразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
кьон
[t͡ɬʼːon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
кьун
[t͡ɬʼːun]
🔒
3780
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
кьечӀого
[t͡ɬʼːet͡ʃʼogo]
🔒
366
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
кьолаго
[t͡ɬʼːolago]
🔒
248
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
кьоларого
[t͡ɬʼːolarogo]
🔒
21
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
кьей
[t͡ɬʼːej]
🔒
630
|
|||
| Infinitive |
кьезе
[t͡ɬʼːeze]
🔒
4696
|
|||
| Causative |
кьезавизе
/[t͡ɬʼːezawize]/
🔒
0
|
кьезайизе
/[t͡ɬʼːezajize]/
🔒
0
|
кьезабизе
/[t͡ɬʼːezabize]/
🔒
4
|
кьезаризе
/[t͡ɬʼːezarize]/
🔒
1
|
| Causative Negative |
кьезавуларо
/[t͡ɬʼːezawularo]/
0
|
кьезайуларо
/[t͡ɬʼːezajularo]/
0
|
кьезабуларо
/[t͡ɬʼːezabularo]/
0
|
кьезаруларо
/[t͡ɬʼːezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
кьедаризе
[t͡ɬʼːedarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
кьедариларо
[t͡ɬʼːedarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
кье-кьезе
[t͡ɬʼːe-t͡ɬʼːeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
кье-кьеларо
[t͡ɬʼːe-t͡ɬʼːelaro]
0
|
|||