Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
вещать
воскликнуть
выразиться
говорить
запеть
защищать
изречь
молвить
мямлить
нагрубить
переговорить
разговаривать
щебетать
якшаться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: kʼalhaze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
173338
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1450
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
кӀалъана
[kˀaɬana]
🔒
292
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
кӀалъачӀо
[kˀaɬat͡ʃˀo]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Future Simple |
кӀалъала
[kˀaɬala]
🔒
96
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
кӀалъаларо
[kˀaɬalaro]
🔒
13
|
|||
| Constative |
кӀалъала
[kˀaɬala]
🔒
96
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
кӀалъаларо
[kˀaɬalaro]
🔒
13
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
кӀалъалаан
[kʼaɬalajan]
🔒
24
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
кӀалъалароан
[kʼaɬalarojan]
🔒
11
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
кӀалъа
[kˀaɬa]
🔒
71
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
кӀалъаге
[kˀaɬage]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Optative |
кӀалъаги
[kˀaɬagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
кӀалъагеги
[kˀaɬagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
кӀалъазин
[kˀaɬazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
кӀалъани
[kˀaɬani]
🔒
12
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
кӀалъачӀони
[kˀaɬat͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
кӀалъанищ
[kˀaɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀалъачӀищ
[kˀaɬat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀалъалищ
[kˀaɬaliʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀалъаларищ
[kˀaɬalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
кӀалъалищ
[kˀaɬaliʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀалъаларищ
[kˀaɬalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
кӀалъарав
/[kˀaɬaraw]/
🔒
40
|
кӀалъарай
/[kˀaɬaraj]/
🔒
3
|
кӀалъараб
/[kˀaɬarab]/
🔒
7
|
кӀалъарал
/[kˀaɬaral]/
🔒
37
|
| Past Participle Negative |
кӀалъачӀев
/[kˀaɬat͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
4
|
кӀалъачӀей
/[kˀaɬat͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
1
|
кӀалъачӀеб
/[kˀaɬat͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
1
|
кӀалъачӀел
/[kˀaɬat͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
3
|
| Present Participle |
кӀалъалев
/[kˀaɬalew]/
🔒
112
|
кӀалъалей
/[kˀaɬalej]/
🔒
28
|
кӀалъалеб
/[kˀaɬaleb]/
🔒
81
|
кӀалъалел
/[kˀaɬalel]/
🔒
166
|
| Present Participle Negative |
кӀалъаларев
/[kˀaɬalarew]/
🔒
18
|
кӀалъаларей
/[kˀaɬalarej]/
🔒
11
|
кӀалъалареб
/[kˀaɬalareb]/
🔒
8
|
кӀалъаларел
/[kˀaɬalarel]/
🔒
10
|
| Future Participle |
кӀалъалев
/[kˀaɬalew]/
🔒
112
|
кӀалъалей
/[kˀaɬalej]/
🔒
28
|
кӀалъалеб
/[kˀaɬaleb]/
🔒
81
|
кӀалъалел
/[kˀaɬalel]/
🔒
166
|
| Future Participle Negative |
кӀалъаларев
/[kˀaɬalarew]/
🔒
18
|
кӀалъаларей
/[kˀaɬalarej]/
🔒
11
|
кӀалъалареб
/[kˀaɬalareb]/
🔒
8
|
кӀалъаларел
/[kˀaɬalarel]/
🔒
10
|
| Intentional Participle |
кӀалъазехъин
[kˀaɬazeq͡χːin]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
кӀалъазехъинро
[kˀaɬazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
кӀалъаяв
/[kˀaɬajaw]/
0
|
кӀалъаяй
/[kˀaɬajaj]/
0
|
кӀалъаяб
/[kˀaɬajab]/
0
|
кӀалъаял
/[kʼaɬajal]/
🔒
350
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
кӀалъарав
40
|
кӀалъарай
3
|
кӀалъараб
7
|
кӀалъарал
37
|
| Ergative |
кӀалъарас
1
|
кӀалъаралъ
0
|
кӀалъаралъ
0
|
кӀалъараз
12
|
| Genitive |
кӀалъарасул
1
|
кӀалъаралъул
0
|
кӀалъаралъул
0
|
кӀалъаразул
3
|
| Dative |
кӀалъарасе
0
|
кӀалъаралъе
0
|
кӀалъаралъе
0
|
кӀалъаразе
2
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
кӀалъарасда
1
|
кӀалъаралъда
0
|
кӀалъаралъда
0
|
кӀалъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
кӀалъарасде
0
|
кӀалъаралъде
0
|
кӀалъаралъде
0
|
кӀалъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
кӀалъарасдаса
0
|
кӀалъаралъдаса
0
|
кӀалъаралъдаса
0
|
кӀалъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
кӀалъарасдасан
0
|
кӀалъаралъдасан
0
|
кӀалъаралъдасан
0
|
кӀалъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
кӀалъарасухъ
0
|
кӀалъаралъухъ
3
|
кӀалъаралъухъ
3
|
кӀалъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
кӀалъарасухъе
0
|
кӀалъаралъухъе
0
|
кӀалъаралъухъе
0
|
кӀалъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
кӀалъарасухъа
0
|
кӀалъаралъухъа
0
|
кӀалъаралъухъа
0
|
кӀалъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
кӀалъарасухъан
0
|
кӀалъаралъухъан
0
|
кӀалъаралъухъан
0
|
кӀалъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
кӀалъарасулъ
0
|
кӀалъаралъулъ
0
|
кӀалъаралъулъ
0
|
кӀалъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
кӀалъарасулъе
0
|
кӀалъаралъулъе
0
|
кӀалъаралъулъе
0
|
кӀалъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
кӀалъарасулъа
0
|
кӀалъаралъулъа
0
|
кӀалъаралъулъа
0
|
кӀалъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
кӀалъарасулъан
0
|
кӀалъаралъулъан
0
|
кӀалъаралъулъан
0
|
кӀалъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
кӀалъарасукь
0
|
кӀалъаралъукь
0
|
кӀалъаралъукь
0
|
кӀалъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
кӀалъарасукье
0
|
кӀалъаралъукье
0
|
кӀалъаралъукье
0
|
кӀалъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
кӀалъарасукьа
0
|
кӀалъаралъукьа
0
|
кӀалъаралъукьа
0
|
кӀалъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
кӀалъарасукьан
0
|
кӀалъаралъукьан
0
|
кӀалъаралъукьан
0
|
кӀалъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
кӀалъан
[kʼaɬan]
🔒
191
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
кӀалъан
[kˀaɬan]
🔒
191
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
кӀалъачӀого
[kˀaɬat͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
36
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
кӀалъалаго
[kˀaɬalago]
🔒
50
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
кӀалъаларого
[kˀaɬalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
кӀалъай
[kˀaɬaj]
🔒
788
|
|||
| Infinitive |
кӀалъазе
[kˀaɬaze]
🔒
1450
|
|||
| Causative |
кӀалъазавизе
/[kʼaɬazawize]/
0
|
кӀалъазайизе
/[kʼaɬazajize]/
0
|
кӀалъазабизе
/[kˀaɬazabize]/
0
|
кӀалъазаризе
/[kʼaɬazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
кӀалъазавуларо
/[kʼaɬazawularo]/
0
|
кӀалъазайуларо
/[kʼaɬazajularo]/
0
|
кӀалъазабуларо
/[kˀaɬazabularo]/
0
|
кӀалъазаруларо
/[kʼaɬazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
кӀалъааризе
[kˀaɬajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
кӀалъаариларо
[kˀaɬajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
кӀалъа-кӀалъазе
[kˀaɬa-kˀaɬaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
кӀалъа-кӀалъаларо
[kˀaɬa-kˀaɬalaro]
0
|
|||