Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
взвести
возгореться
вскинуть
поднять
увеличиться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Class-based
Yes
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: borkhize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
Yes
Verb Class
Class III
System Information
Database ID
173462
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
176
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
ворхана
/[worχana]/
🔒
2
|
йорхана
/[jorχana]/
🔒
3
ёрхана
/[jorχana]/
0
|
борхана
/[borχana]/
🔒
209
|
рорхана
/[rorχana]/
🔒
134
|
| Past Simple Negative |
ворхичӀо
/[worχit͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
1
|
йорхичӀо
/[jorχit͡ʃʼo]/
0
ёрхичӀо
/[jorχit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
борхичӀо
/[borχit͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
9
|
рорхичӀо
/[rorχit͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
3
|
| Future Simple |
ворхила
/[worχila]/
0
|
йорхила
/[jorχila]/
0
ёрхила
/[jorχila]/
0
|
борхила
/[borχila]/
🔒
2
|
рорхила
/[rorχila]/
🔒
4
|
| Future Simple Negative |
ворхиларо
/[worχilaro]/
0
|
йорхиларо
/[jorχilaro]/
0
ёрхиларо
/[jorχilaro]/
0
|
борхиларо
/[borχilaro]/
🔒
2
|
рорхиларо
/[rorχilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
ворхула
/[worχula]/
0
|
йорхула
/[jorχula]/
0
ёрхула
/[jorχula]/
0
|
борхула
/[borχula]/
🔒
24
|
рорхула
/[rorχula]/
🔒
9
|
| Constative Negative |
ворхуларо
/[worχularo]/
0
|
йорхуларо
/[jorχularo]/
0
ёрхуларо
/[jorχularo]/
0
|
борхуларо
/[borχularo]/
🔒
4
|
рорхуларо
/[rorχularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
ворхулаан
/[worχulajan]/
0
|
йорхулаан
/[jorχulajan]/
0
ёрхулаан
/[jorχulajan]/
0
|
борхулаан
/[borχulajan]/
🔒
4
|
рорхулаан
/[rorχulajan]/
🔒
2
|
| Remote Past Negative |
ворхулароан
/[worχularojan]/
0
|
йорхулароан
/[jorχularojan]/
0
ёрхулароан
/[jorχularojan]/
0
|
борхулароан
/[borχularojan]/
🔒
1
|
рорхулароан
/[rorχularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
ворхе
/[worχe]/
0
|
йорхе
/[jorχe]/
0
ёрхе
/[jorχe]/
0
|
борхе
/[borχe]/
🔒
7
|
рорхе
/[rorχe]/
🔒
1
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
ворхуге
/[worχuge]/
0
|
йорхуге
/[jorχuge]/
0
ёрхуге
/[jorχuge]/
0
|
борхуге
/[borχuge]/
🔒
4
|
рорхуге
/[rorχuge]/
0
|
| Optative |
ворхеги
/[worχegi]/
0
|
йорхеги
/[jorχegi]/
0
ёрхеги
/[jorχegi]/
0
|
борхеги
/[borχegi]/
0
|
рорхеги
/[rorχegi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
ворхугеги
/[worχugegi]/
0
|
йорхугеги
/[jorχugegi]/
0
ёрхугеги
/[jorχugegi]/
0
|
борхугеги
/[borχugegi]/
0
|
рорхугеги
/[rorχugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
ворхизин
/[worχizin]/
0
|
йорхизин
/[jorχizin]/
0
ёрхизин
/[jorχizin]/
0
|
борхизин
/[borχizin]/
🔒
1
|
рорхизин
/[rorχizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
ворхани
/[worχani]/
0
|
йорхани
/[jorχani]/
0
ёрхани
/[jorχani]/
0
|
борхани
/[borχani]/
🔒
6
|
рорхани
/[rorχani]/
🔒
1
|
| Conditional Negative |
ворхичӀони
/[worχit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
йорхичӀони
/[jorχit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
ёрхичӀони
/[jorχit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
борхичӀони
/[borχit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
рорхичӀони
/[rorχit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
ворханищ
/[worχaniʃː]/
0
|
йорханищ
/[jorχaniʃː]/
0
ёрханищ
/[jorχaniʃː]/
0
|
борханищ
/[borχaniʃː]/
0
|
рорханищ
/[rorχaniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ворхичӀищ
/[worχit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
йорхичӀищ
/[jorχit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
ёрхичӀищ
/[jorχit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
борхичӀищ
/[borχit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
рорхичӀищ
/[rorχit͡ʃˀiʃː]/
🔒
1
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
ворхулищ
/[worχuliʃː]/
0
|
йорхулищ
/[jorχuliʃː]/
0
ёрхулищ
/[jorχuliʃː]/
0
|
борхулищ
/[borχuliʃː]/
🔒
1
|
рорхулищ
/[rorχuliʃː]/
🔒
1
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
ворхуларищ
/[worχulariʃː]/
0
|
йорхуларищ
/[jorχulariʃː]/
0
ёрхуларищ
/[jorχulariʃː]/
0
|
борхуларищ
/[borχulariʃː]/
0
|
рорхуларищ
/[rorχulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
ворхилищ
/[worχiliʃː]/
0
|
йорхилищ
/[jorχiliʃː]/
0
ёрхилищ
/[jorχiliʃː]/
0
|
борхилищ
/[borχiliʃː]/
0
|
рорхилищ
/[rorχiliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
ворхиларищ
/[worχilariʃː]/
0
|
йорхиларищ
/[jorχilariʃː]/
0
ёрхиларищ
/[jorχilariʃː]/
0
|
борхиларищ
/[borχilariʃː]/
0
|
рорхиларищ
/[rorχilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
ворхарав
/[worχaraw]/
🔒
2
|
йорхарай
/[jorχaraj]/
0
ёрхарай
/[jorχaraj]/
0
|
борхараб
/[borχarab]/
🔒
76
|
рорхарал
/[rorχaral]/
🔒
91
|
| Past Participle Negative |
ворхичӀев
/[worχit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
йорхичӀей
/[jorχit͡ʃʼej]/
0
ёрхичӀей
/[jorχit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
борхичӀеб
/[borχit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
1
|
рорхичӀел
/[rorχit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
ворхулев
/[worχulew]/
🔒
1
|
йорхулей
/[jorχulej]/
0
ёрхулей
/[jorχulej]/
0
|
борхулеб
/[borχuleb]/
🔒
85
|
рорхулел
/[rorχulel]/
🔒
67
|
| Present Participle Negative |
ворхуларев
/[worχularew]/
🔒
1
|
йорхуларей
/[jorχularej]/
0
ёрхуларей
/[jorχularej]/
0
|
борхулареб
/[borχulareb]/
🔒
1
|
рорхуларел
/[rorχularel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle |
ворхилев
/[worχilew]/
0
|
йорхилей
/[jorχilej]/
0
ёрхилей
/[jorχilej]/
0
|
борхилеб
/[borχileb]/
0
|
рорхилел
/[rorχilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
ворхиларев
/[worχilarew]/
0
|
йорхиларей
/[jorχilarej]/
0
ёрхиларей
/[jorχilarej]/
0
|
борхилареб
/[borχilareb]/
0
|
рорхиларел
/[rorχilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
ворхизехъин
/[worχizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
йорхизехъин
/[jorχizeq͡χːin]/
0
ёрхизехъин
/[jorχizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
борхизехъин
/[borχizeq͡χːin]/
🔒
1
|
рорхизехъин
/[rorχizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
ворхизехъинро
/[worχizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
йорхизехъинро
/[jorχizeq͡χːinro]/
0
ёрхизехъинро
/[jorχizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
борхизехъинро
/[borχizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
рорхизехъинро
/[rorχizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
ворхеяв
/[worχejaw]/
0
|
йорхеяй
/[jorχejaj]/
0
ёрхеяй
/[jorχejaj]/
0
|
борхеяб
/[borχejab]/
0
|
рорхеял
/[rorχejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
ворхарав
2
|
йорхарай
0
ёрхарай
0
|
борхараб
76
|
рорхарал
91
|
| Ergative |
ворхарас
0
|
йорхаралъ
0
ёрхаралъ
0
|
борхаралъ
0
|
рорхараз
0
|
| Genitive |
ворхарасул
0
|
йорхаралъул
0
ёрхаралъул
0
|
борхаралъул
0
|
рорхаразул
0
|
| Dative |
ворхарасе
0
|
йорхаралъе
0
ёрхаралъе
0
|
борхаралъе
0
|
рорхаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
ворхарасда
0
|
йорхаралъда
0
ёрхаралъда
0
|
борхаралъда
0
|
рорхаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
ворхарасде
0
|
йорхаралъде
0
ёрхаралъде
0
|
борхаралъде
0
|
рорхаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
ворхарасдаса
0
|
йорхаралъдаса
0
ёрхаралъдаса
0
|
борхаралъдаса
0
|
рорхараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
ворхарасдасан
0
|
йорхаралъдасан
0
ёрхаралъдасан
0
|
борхаралъдасан
0
|
рорхараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
ворхарасухъ
0
|
йорхаралъухъ
0
ёрхаралъухъ
0
|
борхаралъухъ
2
|
рорхаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
ворхарасухъе
0
|
йорхаралъухъе
0
ёрхаралъухъе
0
|
борхаралъухъе
0
|
рорхаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
ворхарасухъа
0
|
йорхаралъухъа
0
ёрхаралъухъа
0
|
борхаралъухъа
0
|
рорхаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
ворхарасухъан
0
|
йорхаралъухъан
0
ёрхаралъухъан
0
|
борхаралъухъан
0
|
рорхаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
ворхарасулъ
0
|
йорхаралъулъ
0
ёрхаралъулъ
0
|
борхаралъулъ
0
|
рорхаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
ворхарасулъе
0
|
йорхаралъулъе
0
ёрхаралъулъе
0
|
борхаралъулъе
0
|
рорхаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
ворхарасулъа
0
|
йорхаралъулъа
0
ёрхаралъулъа
0
|
борхаралъулъа
0
|
рорхаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
ворхарасулъан
0
|
йорхаралъулъан
0
ёрхаралъулъан
0
|
борхаралъулъан
0
|
рорхаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
ворхарасукь
0
|
йорхаралъукь
0
ёрхаралъукь
0
|
борхаралъукь
0
|
рорхаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
ворхарасукье
0
|
йорхаралъукье
0
ёрхаралъукье
0
|
борхаралъукье
0
|
рорхаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
ворхарасукьа
0
|
йорхаралъукьа
0
ёрхаралъукьа
0
|
борхаралъукьа
0
|
рорхаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
ворхарасукьан
0
|
йорхаралъукьан
0
ёрхаралъукьан
0
|
борхаралъукьан
0
|
рорхаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
ворхун
/[worχun]/
🔒
14
|
йорхун
/[jorχun]/
🔒
3
ёрхун
/[jorχun]/
0
|
борхун
/[borχun]/
🔒
193
|
рорхун
/[rorχun]/
🔒
60
|
| Adverbial Past |
ворхун
/[worχun]/
🔒
14
|
йорхун
/[jorχun]/
🔒
3
ёрхун
/[jorχun]/
0
|
борхун
/[borχun]/
🔒
193
|
рорхун
/[rorχun]/
🔒
60
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
ворхичӀого
/[worχit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
6
|
йорхичӀого
/[jorχit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
ёрхичӀого
/[jorχit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
борхичӀого
/[borχit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
11
|
рорхичӀого
/[rorχit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
2
|
| Adverbial General |
ворхулаго
/[worχulago]/
🔒
3
|
йорхулаго
/[jorχulago]/
0
ёрхулаго
/[jorχulago]/
0
|
борхулаго
/[borχulago]/
🔒
7
|
рорхулаго
/[rorχulago]/
🔒
1
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
ворхуларого
/[worχularogo]/
0
|
йорхуларого
/[jorχularogo]/
0
ёрхуларого
/[jorχularogo]/
0
|
борхуларого
/[borχularogo]/
0
|
рорхуларого
/[rorχularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
ворхи
/[worχi]/
🔒
1
|
йорхи
/[jorχi]/
0
ёрхи
/[jorχi]/
0
|
борхи
/[borχi]/
🔒
49
|
рорхи
/[rorχi]/
🔒
7
|
| Infinitive |
ворхизе
/[worχize]/
🔒
4
|
йорхизе
/[jorχize]/
0
ёрхизе
/[jorχize]/
0
|
борхизе
/[borχize]/
🔒
176
|
рорхизе
/[rorχize]/
🔒
56
|
| Causative |
ворхизавизе
/[worχizawize]/
🔒
1
|
йорхизайизе
/[jorχizajize]/
0
ёрхизайизе
/[jorχizajize]/
0
|
борхизабизе
/[borχizabize]/
🔒
74
|
рорхизаризе
/[rorχizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
ворхизавуларо
/[worχizawularo]/
0
|
йорхизайуларо
/[jorχizajularo]/
0
ёрхизайуларо
/[jorχizajularo]/
0
|
борхизабуларо
/[borχizabularo]/
0
|
рорхизаруларо
/[rorχizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
ворхиаризе
/[worχijarize]/
0
|
йорхиаризе
/[jorχijarize]/
0
ёрхиаризе
/[jorχijarize]/
0
|
борхиаризе
/[borχijarize]/
0
|
рорхиаризе
/[rorχijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
ворхиариларо
/[worχijarilaro]/
0
|
йорхиариларо
/[jorχijarilaro]/
0
ёрхиариларо
/[jorχijarilaro]/
0
|
борхиариларо
/[borχijarilaro]/
0
|
рорхиариларо
/[rorχijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
ворх-ворхизе
/[worχ-worχize]/
0
|
йорх-йорхизе
/[jorχ-jorχize]/
0
ёрх-ёрхизе
/[jorχ-jorχize]/
0
|
борх-борхизе
/[borχ-borχize]/
0
|
рорх-рорхизе
/[rorχ-rorχize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
ворх-ворхиларо
/[worχ-worχilaro]/
0
|
йорх-йорхиларо
/[jorχ-jorχilaro]/
0
ёрх-ёрхиларо
/[jorχ-jorχilaro]/
0
|
борх-борхиларо
/[borχ-borχilaro]/
0
|
рорх-рорхиларо
/[rorχ-rorχilaro]/
0
|