Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
взвинтиться
напрячься
натужиться
натянуться
перенапрячь
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: dughdaze
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
173468
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
дугъдана
[duʁdana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
дугъдачӀо
[duʁdat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
дугъдала
[duʁdala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
дугъдаларо
[duʁdalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
дугъдала
[duʁdala]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
дугъдаларо
[duʁdalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
дугъдалаан
[duʁdalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
дугъдалароан
[duʁdalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
дугъда
[duʁda]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
дугъдаге
[duʁdage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
дугъдаги
[duʁdagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
дугъдагеги
[duʁdagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
дугъдазин
[duʁdazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
дугъдани
[duʁdani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
дугъдачӀони
[duʁdat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
дугъданищ
[duʁdaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
дугъдачӀищ
[duʁdat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
дугъдалищ
[duʁdaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
дугъдаларищ
[duʁdalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
дугъдалищ
[duʁdaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
дугъдаларищ
[duʁdalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
дугъдарав
/[duʁdaraw]/
0
|
дугъдарай
/[duʁdaraj]/
0
|
дугъдараб
/[duʁdarab]/
🔒
1
|
дугъдарал
/[duʁdaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
дугъдачӀев
/[duʁdat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
дугъдачӀей
/[duʁdat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
дугъдачӀеб
/[duʁdat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
дугъдачӀел
/[duʁdat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
дугъдалев
/[duʁdalew]/
0
|
дугъдалей
/[duʁdalej]/
0
|
дугъдалеб
/[duʁdaleb]/
0
|
дугъдалел
/[duʁdalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
дугъдаларев
/[duʁdalarew]/
0
|
дугъдаларей
/[duʁdalarej]/
0
|
дугъдалареб
/[duʁdalareb]/
0
|
дугъдаларел
/[duʁdalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
дугъдалев
/[duʁdalew]/
0
|
дугъдалей
/[duʁdalej]/
0
|
дугъдалеб
/[duʁdaleb]/
0
|
дугъдалел
/[duʁdalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
дугъдаларев
/[duʁdalarew]/
0
|
дугъдаларей
/[duʁdalarej]/
0
|
дугъдалареб
/[duʁdalareb]/
0
|
дугъдаларел
/[duʁdalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
дугъдазехъин
[duʁdazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
дугъдазехъинро
[duʁdazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
дугъдаяв
/[duʁdajaw]/
0
|
дугъдаяй
/[duʁdajaj]/
0
|
дугъдаяб
/[duʁdajab]/
0
|
дугъдаял
/[duʁdajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
дугъдарав
0
|
дугъдарай
0
|
дугъдараб
1
|
дугъдарал
1
|
| Ergative |
дугъдарас
0
|
дугъдаралъ
0
|
дугъдаралъ
0
|
дугъдараз
0
|
| Genitive |
дугъдарасул
0
|
дугъдаралъул
0
|
дугъдаралъул
0
|
дугъдаразул
0
|
| Dative |
дугъдарасе
0
|
дугъдаралъе
0
|
дугъдаралъе
0
|
дугъдаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
дугъдарасда
0
|
дугъдаралъда
0
|
дугъдаралъда
0
|
дугъдаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
дугъдарасде
0
|
дугъдаралъде
0
|
дугъдаралъде
0
|
дугъдаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
дугъдарасдаса
0
|
дугъдаралъдаса
0
|
дугъдаралъдаса
0
|
дугъдараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
дугъдарасдасан
0
|
дугъдаралъдасан
0
|
дугъдаралъдасан
0
|
дугъдараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
дугъдарасухъ
0
|
дугъдаралъухъ
0
|
дугъдаралъухъ
0
|
дугъдаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
дугъдарасухъе
0
|
дугъдаралъухъе
0
|
дугъдаралъухъе
0
|
дугъдаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
дугъдарасухъа
0
|
дугъдаралъухъа
0
|
дугъдаралъухъа
0
|
дугъдаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
дугъдарасухъан
0
|
дугъдаралъухъан
0
|
дугъдаралъухъан
0
|
дугъдаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
дугъдарасулъ
0
|
дугъдаралъулъ
0
|
дугъдаралъулъ
0
|
дугъдаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
дугъдарасулъе
0
|
дугъдаралъулъе
0
|
дугъдаралъулъе
0
|
дугъдаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
дугъдарасулъа
0
|
дугъдаралъулъа
0
|
дугъдаралъулъа
0
|
дугъдаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
дугъдарасулъан
0
|
дугъдаралъулъан
0
|
дугъдаралъулъан
0
|
дугъдаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
дугъдарасукь
0
|
дугъдаралъукь
0
|
дугъдаралъукь
0
|
дугъдаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
дугъдарасукье
0
|
дугъдаралъукье
0
|
дугъдаралъукье
0
|
дугъдаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
дугъдарасукьа
0
|
дугъдаралъукьа
0
|
дугъдаралъукьа
0
|
дугъдаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
дугъдарасукьан
0
|
дугъдаралъукьан
0
|
дугъдаралъукьан
0
|
дугъдаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
дугъдан
[duʁdan]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
дугъдан
[duʁdan]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
дугъдачӀого
[duʁdat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
дугъдалаго
[duʁdalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
дугъдаларого
[duʁdalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
дугъдай
[duʁdaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
дугъдазе
[duʁdaze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
дугъдазавизе
/[duʁdazawize]/
0
|
дугъдазайизе
/[duʁdazajize]/
0
|
дугъдазабизе
/[duʁdazabize]/
0
|
дугъдазаризе
/[duʁdazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
дугъдазавуларо
/[duʁdazawularo]/
0
|
дугъдазайуларо
/[duʁdazajularo]/
0
|
дугъдазабуларо
/[duʁdazabularo]/
0
|
дугъдазаруларо
/[duʁdazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
дугъдааризе
[duʁdajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
дугъдаариларо
[duʁdajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
дугъда-дугъдазе
[duʁda-duʁdaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
дугъда-дугъдаларо
[duʁda-duʁdalaro]
0
|
|||