Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
вздрогнуть
встрепенуться
дрогнуть
подрагивать
содрогнуться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: tʼurkʼize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
173526
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[tˀurkˀulew wugo]/ |
/[tˀurkˀulej jigo]/ |
/[tˀurkˀuleb bugo]/ |
/[tˀurkˀulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[tˀurkˀulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀurkˀulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀurkˀuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀurkˀulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
тӀуркӀана
[tˀurkˀana]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
тӀуркӀичӀо
[tˀurkˀit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Future Simple |
тӀуркӀила
[tˀurkˀila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
тӀуркӀиларо
[tˀurkˀilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
тӀуркӀула
[tˀurkˀula]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
тӀуркӀуларо
[tˀurkˀularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
тӀуркӀулаан
[tʼurkʼulajan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
тӀуркӀулароан
[tʼurkʼularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
тӀуркӀе
[tˀurkˀe]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
тӀуркӀуге
[tˀurkˀuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
тӀуркӀеги
[tʼurkʼegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
тӀуркӀугеги
[tˀurkˀugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
тӀуркӀизин
[tˀurkˀizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
тӀуркӀани
[tˀurkˀani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
тӀуркӀичӀони
[tˀurkˀit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀуркӀанищ
[tˀurkˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀуркӀичӀищ
[tˀurkˀit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀуркӀулищ
[tˀurkˀuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀуркӀуларищ
[tˀurkˀulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀуркӀилищ
[tˀurkˀiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀуркӀиларищ
[tˀurkˀilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
тӀуркӀарав
/[tˀurkˀaraw]/
🔒
0
|
тӀуркӀарай
/[tˀurkˀaraj]/
🔒
0
|
тӀуркӀараб
/[tˀurkˀarab]/
🔒
2
|
тӀуркӀарал
/[tˀurkˀaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
тӀуркӀичӀев
/[tˀurkˀit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
тӀуркӀичӀей
/[tˀurkˀit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
тӀуркӀичӀеб
/[tˀurkˀit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
тӀуркӀичӀел
/[tˀurkˀit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
тӀуркӀулев
/[tˀurkˀulew]/
🔒
1
|
тӀуркӀулей
/[tˀurkˀulej]/
🔒
0
|
тӀуркӀулеб
/[tˀurkˀuleb]/
🔒
2
|
тӀуркӀулел
/[tˀurkˀulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
тӀуркӀуларев
/[tˀurkˀularew]/
0
|
тӀуркӀуларей
/[tˀurkˀularej]/
0
|
тӀуркӀулареб
/[tˀurkˀulareb]/
0
|
тӀуркӀуларел
/[tˀurkˀularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
тӀуркӀилев
/[tˀurkˀilew]/
0
|
тӀуркӀилей
/[tˀurkˀilej]/
0
|
тӀуркӀилеб
/[tˀurkˀileb]/
0
|
тӀуркӀилел
/[tˀurkˀilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
тӀуркӀиларев
/[tˀurkˀilarew]/
0
|
тӀуркӀиларей
/[tˀurkˀilarej]/
0
|
тӀуркӀилареб
/[tˀurkˀilareb]/
0
|
тӀуркӀиларел
/[tˀurkˀilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
тӀуркӀизехъин
[tˀurkˀizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
тӀуркӀизехъинро
[tˀurkˀizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
тӀуркӀеяв
/[tˀurkˀejaw]/
0
|
тӀуркӀеяй
/[tˀurkˀejaj]/
0
|
тӀуркӀеяб
/[tˀurkˀejab]/
0
|
тӀуркӀеял
/[tʼurkʼejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
тӀуркӀарав
0
|
тӀуркӀарай
0
|
тӀуркӀараб
2
|
тӀуркӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
тӀуркӀарас
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъ
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъ
0
|
тӀуркӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
тӀуркӀарасул
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъул
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъул
0
|
тӀуркӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
тӀуркӀарасе
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъе
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъе
0
|
тӀуркӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
тӀуркӀарасда
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъда
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъда
0
|
тӀуркӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
тӀуркӀарасде
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъде
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъде
0
|
тӀуркӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
тӀуркӀарасдаса
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъдаса
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъдаса
0
|
тӀуркӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
тӀуркӀарасдасан
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъдасан
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъдасан
0
|
тӀуркӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
тӀуркӀарасухъ
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъухъ
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъухъ
0
|
тӀуркӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
тӀуркӀарасухъе
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъухъе
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъухъе
0
|
тӀуркӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
тӀуркӀарасухъа
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъухъа
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъухъа
0
|
тӀуркӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
тӀуркӀарасухъан
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъухъан
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъухъан
0
|
тӀуркӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
тӀуркӀарасулъ
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъулъ
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъулъ
0
|
тӀуркӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
тӀуркӀарасулъе
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъулъе
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъулъе
0
|
тӀуркӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
тӀуркӀарасулъа
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъулъа
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъулъа
0
|
тӀуркӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
тӀуркӀарасулъан
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъулъан
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъулъан
0
|
тӀуркӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
тӀуркӀарасукь
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъукь
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъукь
0
|
тӀуркӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
тӀуркӀарасукье
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъукье
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъукье
0
|
тӀуркӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
тӀуркӀарасукьа
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъукьа
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъукьа
0
|
тӀуркӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
тӀуркӀарасукьан
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъукьан
0
|
тӀуркӀаралъукьан
0
|
тӀуркӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
тӀуркӀун
[tʼurkʼun]
🔒
19
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
тӀуркӀун
[tˀurkˀun]
🔒
19
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
тӀуркӀичӀого
[tˀurkˀit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
тӀуркӀулаго
[tˀurkˀulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
тӀуркӀуларого
[tˀurkˀularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
тӀуркӀи
[tˀurkˀi]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Infinitive |
тӀуркӀизе
[tˀurkˀize]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
тӀуркӀизавизе
/[tʼurkʼizawize]/
🔒
0
|
тӀуркӀизайизе
/[tʼurkʼizajize]/
🔒
0
|
тӀуркӀизабизе
/[tˀurkˀizabize]/
🔒
1
|
тӀуркӀизаризе
/[tʼurkʼizarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
тӀуркӀизавуларо
/[tʼurkʼizawularo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуларо
/[tʼurkʼizajularo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуларо
/[tˀurkˀizabularo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруларо
/[tʼurkʼizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
тӀуркӀиаризе
[tˀurkˀijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
тӀуркӀиариларо
[tˀurkˀijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
тӀуркӀ-тӀуркӀизе
[tˀurkˀ-tˀurkˀize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
тӀуркӀ-тӀуркӀиларо
[tˀurkˀ-tˀurkˀilaro]
0
|
|||