Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
взмахнуть
махать
отшатнуться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: khvaghize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
173584
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
10
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[xwaʕulew wugo]/ |
/[xwaʕulej jigo]/ |
/[xwaʕuleb bugo]/ |
/[xwaʕulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[xwaʕulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[xwaʕulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[xwaʕuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[xwaʕulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
хьвагӀана
[xwaʕana]
🔒
21
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хьвагӀичӀо
[xwaʕit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хьвагӀила
[xwaʕila]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хьвагӀиларо
[xwaʕilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хьвагӀула
[xwaʕula]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хьвагӀуларо
[xwaʕularo]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хьвагӀулаан
[xwaʕulajan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хьвагӀулароан
[xwaʕularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хьвагӀе
[xwaʕe]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хьвагӀуге
[xwaʕuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хьвагӀеги
[xwaʕegi]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хьвагӀугеги
[xwaʕugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хьвагӀизин
[xwaʕizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хьвагӀани
[xwaʕani]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хьвагӀичӀони
[xwaʕit͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хьвагӀанищ
[xwaʕaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хьвагӀичӀищ
[xwaʕit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хьвагӀулищ
[xwaʕuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хьвагӀуларищ
[xwaʕulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хьвагӀилищ
[xwaʕiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хьвагӀиларищ
[xwaʕilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хьвагӀарав
/[xwaʕaraw]/
🔒
1
|
хьвагӀарай
/[xwaʕaraj]/
🔒
0
|
хьвагӀараб
/[xwaʕarab]/
🔒
7
|
хьвагӀарал
/[xwaʕaral]/
🔒
3
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хьвагӀичӀев
/[xwaʕit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
хьвагӀичӀей
/[xwaʕit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
хьвагӀичӀеб
/[xwaʕit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хьвагӀичӀел
/[xwaʕit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хьвагӀулев
/[xwaʕulew]/
🔒
5
|
хьвагӀулей
/[xwaʕulej]/
🔒
0
|
хьвагӀулеб
/[xwaʕuleb]/
🔒
12
|
хьвагӀулел
/[xwaʕulel]/
🔒
13
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хьвагӀуларев
/[xwaʕularew]/
0
|
хьвагӀуларей
/[xwaʕularej]/
0
|
хьвагӀулареб
/[xwaʕulareb]/
0
|
хьвагӀуларел
/[xwaʕularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хьвагӀилев
/[xwaʕilew]/
0
|
хьвагӀилей
/[xwaʕilej]/
0
|
хьвагӀилеб
/[xwaʕileb]/
0
|
хьвагӀилел
/[xwaʕilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хьвагӀиларев
/[xwaʕilarew]/
0
|
хьвагӀиларей
/[xwaʕilarej]/
0
|
хьвагӀилареб
/[xwaʕilareb]/
0
|
хьвагӀиларел
/[xwaʕilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хьвагӀизехъин
[xwaʕizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хьвагӀизехъинро
[xwaʕizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хьвагӀеяв
/[xwaʕejaw]/
0
|
хьвагӀеяй
/[xwaʕejaj]/
0
|
хьвагӀеяб
/[xwaʕejab]/
0
|
хьвагӀеял
/[xwaʕejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хьвагӀарав
1
|
хьвагӀарай
0
|
хьвагӀараб
7
|
хьвагӀарал
3
|
| Ergative |
хьвагӀарас
0
|
хьвагӀаралъ
0
|
хьвагӀаралъ
0
|
хьвагӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хьвагӀарасул
0
|
хьвагӀаралъул
0
|
хьвагӀаралъул
0
|
хьвагӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
хьвагӀарасе
0
|
хьвагӀаралъе
0
|
хьвагӀаралъе
0
|
хьвагӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хьвагӀарасда
0
|
хьвагӀаралъда
0
|
хьвагӀаралъда
0
|
хьвагӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хьвагӀарасде
0
|
хьвагӀаралъде
0
|
хьвагӀаралъде
0
|
хьвагӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хьвагӀарасдаса
0
|
хьвагӀаралъдаса
0
|
хьвагӀаралъдаса
0
|
хьвагӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хьвагӀарасдасан
0
|
хьвагӀаралъдасан
0
|
хьвагӀаралъдасан
0
|
хьвагӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хьвагӀарасухъ
0
|
хьвагӀаралъухъ
0
|
хьвагӀаралъухъ
0
|
хьвагӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хьвагӀарасухъе
0
|
хьвагӀаралъухъе
0
|
хьвагӀаралъухъе
0
|
хьвагӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хьвагӀарасухъа
0
|
хьвагӀаралъухъа
0
|
хьвагӀаралъухъа
0
|
хьвагӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хьвагӀарасухъан
0
|
хьвагӀаралъухъан
0
|
хьвагӀаралъухъан
0
|
хьвагӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хьвагӀарасулъ
0
|
хьвагӀаралъулъ
0
|
хьвагӀаралъулъ
0
|
хьвагӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хьвагӀарасулъе
0
|
хьвагӀаралъулъе
0
|
хьвагӀаралъулъе
0
|
хьвагӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хьвагӀарасулъа
0
|
хьвагӀаралъулъа
0
|
хьвагӀаралъулъа
0
|
хьвагӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хьвагӀарасулъан
0
|
хьвагӀаралъулъан
0
|
хьвагӀаралъулъан
0
|
хьвагӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хьвагӀарасукь
0
|
хьвагӀаралъукь
0
|
хьвагӀаралъукь
0
|
хьвагӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хьвагӀарасукье
0
|
хьвагӀаралъукье
0
|
хьвагӀаралъукье
0
|
хьвагӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хьвагӀарасукьа
0
|
хьвагӀаралъукьа
0
|
хьвагӀаралъукьа
0
|
хьвагӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хьвагӀарасукьан
0
|
хьвагӀаралъукьан
0
|
хьвагӀаралъукьан
0
|
хьвагӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хьвагӀун
[xwaʕun]
🔒
66
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хьвагӀун
[xwaʕun]
🔒
66
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хьвагӀичӀого
[xwaʕit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хьвагӀулаго
[xwaʕulago]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хьвагӀуларого
[xwaʕularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хьвагӀи
[xwaʕi]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хьвагӀизе
[xwaʕize]
🔒
10
|
|||
| Causative |
хьвагӀизавизе
/[xwaʕizawize]/
🔒
0
|
хьвагӀизайизе
/[xwaʕizajize]/
🔒
0
|
хьвагӀизабизе
/[xwaʕizabize]/
🔒
3
|
хьвагӀизаризе
/[xwaʕizarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хьвагӀизавуларо
/[xwaʕizawularo]/
0
|
хьвагӀизайуларо
/[xwaʕizajularo]/
0
|
хьвагӀизабуларо
/[xwaʕizabularo]/
0
|
хьвагӀизаруларо
/[xwaʕizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хьвагӀиаризе
[xwaʕijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хьвагӀиариларо
[xwaʕijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хьвагӀ-хьвагӀизе
[xwaʕ-xwaʕize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хьвагӀ-хьвагӀиларо
[xwaʕ-xwaʕilaro]
0
|
|||