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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: gheze
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
173631
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
115
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
гӀуна
[ʕuna]
🔒
252
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гӀечӀо
[ʕet͡ʃʼo]
🔒
62
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гӀела
[ʕela]
🔒
107
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гӀеларо
[ʕelaro]
🔒
35
|
|||
| Constative |
гӀола
[ʕola]
🔒
115
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гӀоларо
[ʕolaro]
🔒
329
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гӀолаан
[ʕolajan]
🔒
46
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гӀолароан
[ʕolarojan]
🔒
24
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гӀе
[ʕe]
🔒
45
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гӀоге
[ʕoge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гӀеги
[ʕegi]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гӀогеги
[ʕogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гӀезин
[ʕezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гӀуни
[ʕuni]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гӀечӀони
[ʕet͡ʃʼoni]
🔒
6
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀунищ
[ʕuniʃː]
🔒
5
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀечӀищ
[ʕet͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀолищ
[ʕoliʃː]
🔒
6
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀоларищ
[ʕolariʃː]
🔒
6
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гӀелищ
[ʕeliʃː]
🔒
7
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гӀеларищ
[ʕelariʃː]
🔒
20
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гӀурав
/[ʕuraw]/
🔒
110
|
гӀурай
/[ʕuraj]/
🔒
44
|
гӀураб
/[ʕurab]/
🔒
826
|
гӀурал
/[ʕural]/
🔒
208
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гӀечӀев
/[ʕet͡ʃʼew]/
🔒
8
|
гӀечӀей
/[ʕet͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
гӀечӀеб
/[ʕet͡ʃʼeb]/
🔒
34
|
гӀечӀел
/[ʕet͡ʃʼel]/
🔒
15
|
| Present Participle |
гӀолев
/[ʕolew]/
🔒
35
|
гӀолей
/[ʕolej]/
🔒
7
|
гӀолеб
/[ʕoleb]/
🔒
780
|
гӀолел
/[ʕolel]/
🔒
222
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гӀоларев
/[ʕolarew]/
🔒
13
|
гӀоларей
/[ʕolarej]/
🔒
10
|
гӀолареб
/[ʕolareb]/
🔒
117
|
гӀоларел
/[ʕolarel]/
🔒
180
|
| Future Participle |
гӀелев
/[ʕelew]/
🔒
1
|
гӀелей
/[ʕelej]/
0
|
гӀелеб
/[ʕeleb]/
🔒
2
|
гӀелел
/[ʕelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гӀеларев
/[ʕelarew]/
0
|
гӀеларей
/[ʕelarej]/
0
|
гӀелареб
/[ʕelareb]/
0
|
гӀеларел
/[ʕelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гӀезехъин
[ʕezeq͡χːin]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гӀезехъинро
[ʕezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гӀеяв
/[ʕejaw]/
0
|
гӀеяй
/[ʕejaj]/
0
|
гӀеяб
/[ʕejab]/
0
|
гӀеял
/[ʕejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гӀурав
110
|
гӀурай
44
|
гӀураб
826
|
гӀурал
208
|
| Ergative |
гӀурас
1
|
гӀуралъ
22
|
гӀуралъ
22
|
гӀураз
0
|
| Genitive |
гӀурасул
0
|
гӀуралъул
0
|
гӀуралъул
0
|
гӀуразул
1
|
| Dative |
гӀурасе
0
|
гӀуралъе
0
|
гӀуралъе
0
|
гӀуразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гӀурасда
0
|
гӀуралъда
0
|
гӀуралъда
0
|
гӀуразда
3
|
| Allative (-де) |
гӀурасде
0
|
гӀуралъде
0
|
гӀуралъде
0
|
гӀуразде
1
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гӀурасдаса
0
|
гӀуралъдаса
0
|
гӀуралъдаса
0
|
гӀураздаса
1
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гӀурасдасан
0
|
гӀуралъдасан
0
|
гӀуралъдасан
0
|
гӀураздасан
1
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гӀурасухъ
0
|
гӀуралъухъ
1
|
гӀуралъухъ
1
|
гӀуразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гӀурасухъе
0
|
гӀуралъухъе
0
|
гӀуралъухъе
0
|
гӀуразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гӀурасухъа
0
|
гӀуралъухъа
0
|
гӀуралъухъа
0
|
гӀуразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гӀурасухъан
0
|
гӀуралъухъан
0
|
гӀуралъухъан
0
|
гӀуразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гӀурасулъ
0
|
гӀуралъулъ
0
|
гӀуралъулъ
0
|
гӀуразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гӀурасулъе
0
|
гӀуралъулъе
0
|
гӀуралъулъе
0
|
гӀуразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гӀурасулъа
0
|
гӀуралъулъа
0
|
гӀуралъулъа
0
|
гӀуразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гӀурасулъан
0
|
гӀуралъулъан
0
|
гӀуралъулъан
0
|
гӀуразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гӀурасукь
0
|
гӀуралъукь
0
|
гӀуралъукь
0
|
гӀуразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гӀурасукье
0
|
гӀуралъукье
0
|
гӀуралъукье
0
|
гӀуразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гӀурасукьа
0
|
гӀуралъукьа
0
|
гӀуралъукьа
0
|
гӀуразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гӀурасукьан
0
|
гӀуралъукьан
0
|
гӀуралъукьан
0
|
гӀуразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гӀон
[ʕon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гӀун
[ʕun]
🔒
861
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гӀечӀого
[ʕet͡ʃʼogo]
🔒
97
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гӀолаго
[ʕolago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гӀоларого
[ʕolarogo]
🔒
75
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гӀей
[ʕej]
🔒
242
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гӀезе
[ʕeze]
🔒
115
|
|||
| Causative |
гӀезавизе
/[ʕezawize]/
🔒
9
|
гӀезайизе
/[ʕezajize]/
🔒
0
|
гӀезабизе
/[ʕezabize]/
🔒
75
|
гӀезаризе
/[ʕezarize]/
🔒
78
|
| Causative Negative |
гӀезавуларо
/[ʕezawularo]/
0
|
гӀезайуларо
/[ʕezajularo]/
0
|
гӀезабуларо
/[ʕezabularo]/
0
|
гӀезаруларо
/[ʕezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гӀедаризе
[ʕedarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гӀедариларо
[ʕedarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гӀе-гӀезе
[ʕe-ʕeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гӀе-гӀеларо
[ʕe-ʕelaro]
0
|
|||