Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
виться
курчавиться
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: kʼurghize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
173837
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[kˀurʕulew wugo]/ |
/[kˀurʕulej jigo]/ |
/[kˀurʕuleb bugo]/ |
/[kˀurʕulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[kˀurʕulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[kˀurʕulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[kˀurʕuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[kˀurʕulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
кӀургӀана
[kˀurʕana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
кӀургӀичӀо
[kˀurʕit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
кӀургӀила
[kˀurʕila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
кӀургӀиларо
[kˀurʕilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
кӀургӀула
[kˀurʕula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
кӀургӀуларо
[kˀurʕularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
кӀургӀулаан
[kʼurʕulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
кӀургӀулароан
[kʼurʕularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
кӀургӀе
[kˀurʕe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
кӀургӀуге
[kˀurʕuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
кӀургӀеги
[kʼurʕegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
кӀургӀугеги
[kˀurʕugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
кӀургӀизин
[kˀurʕizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
кӀургӀани
[kˀurʕani]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
кӀургӀичӀони
[kˀurʕit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
кӀургӀанищ
[kˀurʕaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀургӀичӀищ
[kˀurʕit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀургӀулищ
[kˀurʕuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀургӀуларищ
[kˀurʕulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
кӀургӀилищ
[kˀurʕiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀургӀиларищ
[kˀurʕilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
кӀургӀарав
/[kˀurʕaraw]/
🔒
0
|
кӀургӀарай
/[kˀurʕaraj]/
🔒
1
|
кӀургӀараб
/[kˀurʕarab]/
🔒
2
|
кӀургӀарал
/[kˀurʕaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
кӀургӀичӀев
/[kˀurʕit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
кӀургӀичӀей
/[kˀurʕit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
кӀургӀичӀеб
/[kˀurʕit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
кӀургӀичӀел
/[kˀurʕit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
кӀургӀулев
/[kˀurʕulew]/
0
|
кӀургӀулей
/[kˀurʕulej]/
0
|
кӀургӀулеб
/[kˀurʕuleb]/
0
|
кӀургӀулел
/[kˀurʕulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
кӀургӀуларев
/[kˀurʕularew]/
0
|
кӀургӀуларей
/[kˀurʕularej]/
0
|
кӀургӀулареб
/[kˀurʕulareb]/
0
|
кӀургӀуларел
/[kˀurʕularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
кӀургӀилев
/[kˀurʕilew]/
0
|
кӀургӀилей
/[kˀurʕilej]/
0
|
кӀургӀилеб
/[kˀurʕileb]/
0
|
кӀургӀилел
/[kˀurʕilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
кӀургӀиларев
/[kˀurʕilarew]/
0
|
кӀургӀиларей
/[kˀurʕilarej]/
0
|
кӀургӀилареб
/[kˀurʕilareb]/
0
|
кӀургӀиларел
/[kˀurʕilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
кӀургӀизехъин
[kˀurʕizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
кӀургӀизехъинро
[kˀurʕizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
кӀургӀеяв
/[kˀurʕejaw]/
0
|
кӀургӀеяй
/[kˀurʕejaj]/
0
|
кӀургӀеяб
/[kˀurʕejab]/
0
|
кӀургӀеял
/[kʼurʕejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
кӀургӀарав
0
|
кӀургӀарай
1
|
кӀургӀараб
2
|
кӀургӀарал
1
|
| Ergative |
кӀургӀарас
0
|
кӀургӀаралъ
0
|
кӀургӀаралъ
0
|
кӀургӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
кӀургӀарасул
0
|
кӀургӀаралъул
0
|
кӀургӀаралъул
0
|
кӀургӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
кӀургӀарасе
0
|
кӀургӀаралъе
0
|
кӀургӀаралъе
0
|
кӀургӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
кӀургӀарасда
0
|
кӀургӀаралъда
0
|
кӀургӀаралъда
0
|
кӀургӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
кӀургӀарасде
0
|
кӀургӀаралъде
0
|
кӀургӀаралъде
0
|
кӀургӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
кӀургӀарасдаса
0
|
кӀургӀаралъдаса
0
|
кӀургӀаралъдаса
0
|
кӀургӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
кӀургӀарасдасан
0
|
кӀургӀаралъдасан
0
|
кӀургӀаралъдасан
0
|
кӀургӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
кӀургӀарасухъ
0
|
кӀургӀаралъухъ
0
|
кӀургӀаралъухъ
0
|
кӀургӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
кӀургӀарасухъе
0
|
кӀургӀаралъухъе
0
|
кӀургӀаралъухъе
0
|
кӀургӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
кӀургӀарасухъа
0
|
кӀургӀаралъухъа
0
|
кӀургӀаралъухъа
0
|
кӀургӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
кӀургӀарасухъан
0
|
кӀургӀаралъухъан
0
|
кӀургӀаралъухъан
0
|
кӀургӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
кӀургӀарасулъ
0
|
кӀургӀаралъулъ
0
|
кӀургӀаралъулъ
0
|
кӀургӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
кӀургӀарасулъе
0
|
кӀургӀаралъулъе
0
|
кӀургӀаралъулъе
0
|
кӀургӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
кӀургӀарасулъа
0
|
кӀургӀаралъулъа
0
|
кӀургӀаралъулъа
0
|
кӀургӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
кӀургӀарасулъан
0
|
кӀургӀаралъулъан
0
|
кӀургӀаралъулъан
0
|
кӀургӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
кӀургӀарасукь
0
|
кӀургӀаралъукь
0
|
кӀургӀаралъукь
0
|
кӀургӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
кӀургӀарасукье
0
|
кӀургӀаралъукье
0
|
кӀургӀаралъукье
0
|
кӀургӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
кӀургӀарасукьа
0
|
кӀургӀаралъукьа
0
|
кӀургӀаралъукьа
0
|
кӀургӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
кӀургӀарасукьан
0
|
кӀургӀаралъукьан
0
|
кӀургӀаралъукьан
0
|
кӀургӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
кӀургӀун
[kʼurʕun]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
кӀургӀун
[kˀurʕun]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
кӀургӀичӀого
[kˀurʕit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
кӀургӀулаго
[kˀurʕulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
кӀургӀуларого
[kˀurʕularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
кӀургӀи
[kˀurʕi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
кӀургӀизе
[kˀurʕize]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
кӀургӀизавизе
/[kʼurʕizawize]/
0
|
кӀургӀизайизе
/[kʼurʕizajize]/
0
|
кӀургӀизабизе
/[kˀurʕizabize]/
0
|
кӀургӀизаризе
/[kʼurʕizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
кӀургӀизавуларо
/[kʼurʕizawularo]/
0
|
кӀургӀизайуларо
/[kʼurʕizajularo]/
0
|
кӀургӀизабуларо
/[kˀurʕizabularo]/
0
|
кӀургӀизаруларо
/[kʼurʕizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
кӀургӀиаризе
[kˀurʕijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
кӀургӀиариларо
[kˀurʕijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
кӀургӀ-кӀургӀизе
[kˀurʕ-kˀurʕize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
кӀургӀ-кӀургӀиларо
[kˀurʕ-kˀurʕilaro]
0
|
|||