Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
водворить
вывести
глушить
завести
законсервировать
замять
запрудить
застопорить
затормозить
нивелировать
обеспечить
обзавестись
обрести
обусловить
определить
осадить
оснастить
оставить
остановить
перенять
предназначить
предписать
прервать
присудить
просить
расположить
сдержать
снабжаться
тормозить
удержать
унять
усмирить
установить
утихомирить
учредить
фиксировать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: ch'ezabize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
174201
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
492
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃʼezawulew wugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼezajulej jigo]/ |
/[t͡ʃˀezabuleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼezarulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡ʃʼezawulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼezajulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[t͡ʃˀezabuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ʃʼezarulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
чӀезавуна
/[t͡ʃʼezawuna]/
🔒
22
|
чӀезайуна
/[t͡ʃʼezajuna]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабуна
/[t͡ʃˀezabuna]/
🔒
171
|
чӀезаруна
/[t͡ʃʼezaruna]/
🔒
54
|
| Past Simple Negative |
чӀезавичӀо
/[t͡ʃʼezawit͡ʃʼo]/
🔒
1
|
чӀезайичӀо
/[t͡ʃʼezajit͡ʃʼo]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабичӀо
/[t͡ʃˀezabit͡ʃˀo]/
🔒
5
|
чӀезаричӀо
/[t͡ʃʼezarit͡ʃʼo]/
🔒
2
|
| Future Simple |
чӀезавила
/[t͡ʃʼezawila]/
🔒
5
|
чӀезайила
/[t͡ʃʼezajila]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабила
/[t͡ʃˀezabila]/
🔒
14
|
чӀезарила
/[t͡ʃʼezarila]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Simple Negative |
чӀезавиларо
/[t͡ʃʼezawilaro]/
0
|
чӀезайиларо
/[t͡ʃʼezajilaro]/
0
|
чӀезабиларо
/[t͡ʃˀezabilaro]/
0
|
чӀезариларо
/[t͡ʃʼezarilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
чӀезавула
/[t͡ʃʼezawula]/
🔒
8
|
чӀезайула
/[t͡ʃʼezajula]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабула
/[t͡ʃˀezabula]/
🔒
101
|
чӀезарула
/[t͡ʃʼezarula]/
🔒
27
|
| Constative Negative |
чӀезавуларо
/[t͡ʃʼezawularo]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезайуларо
/[t͡ʃʼezajularo]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабуларо
/[t͡ʃˀezabularo]/
🔒
4
|
чӀезаруларо
/[t͡ʃʼezarularo]/
🔒
1
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чӀезавулаан
/[t͡ʃʼezawulajan]/
🔒
1
|
чӀезайулаан
/[t͡ʃʼezajulajan]/
0
|
чӀезабулаан
/[t͡ʃʼezabulajan]/
🔒
13
|
чӀезарулаан
/[t͡ʃʼezarulajan]/
🔒
6
|
| Remote Past Negative |
чӀезабулароан
/[t͡ʃʼezabularojan]/
0
|
чӀезабулароан
/[t͡ʃʼezabularojan]/
0
|
чӀезабулароан
/[t͡ʃʼezabularojan]/
0
|
чӀезарулароан
/[t͡ʃʼezarularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чӀезаве
/[t͡ʃʼezawe]/
🔒
1
|
чӀезайе
/[t͡ʃʼezaje]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабе
/[t͡ʃˀezabe]/
🔒
26
|
чӀезаре
/[t͡ʃʼezare]/
🔒
6
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чӀезавуге
/[t͡ʃʼezawuge]/
🔒
1
|
чӀезайуге
/[t͡ʃʼezajuge]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабуге
/[t͡ʃˀezabuge]/
🔒
1
|
чӀезаруге
/[t͡ʃʼezaruge]/
🔒
0
|
| Optative |
чӀезабеги
/[t͡ʃʼezawegi]/
0
|
чӀезабеги
/[t͡ʃʼezajegi]/
0
|
чӀезабеги
/[t͡ʃʼezabegi]/
0
|
чӀезареги
/[t͡ʃʼezaregi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
чӀезабугеги
/[t͡ʃˀezabugegi]/
0
|
чӀезабугеги
/[t͡ʃˀezabugegi]/
0
|
чӀезабугеги
/[t͡ʃˀezabugegi]/
0
|
чӀезаругеги
/[t͡ʃʼezarugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
чӀезавизин
/[t͡ʃʼezawizin]/
0
|
чӀезайизин
/[t͡ʃʼezajizin]/
0
|
чӀезабизин
/[t͡ʃˀezabizin]/
0
|
чӀезаризин
/[t͡ʃʼezarizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чӀезавуни
/[t͡ʃʼezawuni]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезайуни
/[t͡ʃʼezajuni]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабуни
/[t͡ʃˀezabuni]/
🔒
17
|
чӀезаруни
/[t͡ʃʼezaruni]/
🔒
10
|
| Conditional Negative |
чӀезабичӀони
/[t͡ʃˀezabit͡ʃˀoni]/
🔒
4
|
чӀезабичӀони
/[t͡ʃˀezabit͡ʃˀoni]/
🔒
4
|
чӀезабичӀони
/[t͡ʃˀezabit͡ʃˀoni]/
🔒
4
|
чӀезаричӀони
/[t͡ʃʼezarit͡ʃʼoni]/
🔒
4
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀезавунищ
/[t͡ʃʼezawuniʃː]/
0
|
чӀезайунищ
/[t͡ʃʼezajuniʃː]/
0
|
чӀезабунищ
/[t͡ʃˀezabuniʃː]/
0
|
чӀезарунищ
/[t͡ʃʼezaruniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀезавичӀищ
/[t͡ʃʼezawit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
чӀезайичӀищ
/[t͡ʃʼezajit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
чӀезабичӀищ
/[t͡ʃˀezabit͡ʃˀiʃː]/
0
|
чӀезаричӀищ
/[t͡ʃʼezarit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀезавулищ
/[t͡ʃʼezawuliʃː]/
0
|
чӀезайулищ
/[t͡ʃʼezajuliʃː]/
0
|
чӀезабулищ
/[t͡ʃˀezabuliʃː]/
0
|
чӀезарулищ
/[t͡ʃʼezaruliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀезавуларищ
/[t͡ʃʼezawulariʃː]/
0
|
чӀезайуларищ
/[t͡ʃʼezajulariʃː]/
0
|
чӀезабуларищ
/[t͡ʃˀezabulariʃː]/
0
|
чӀезаруларищ
/[t͡ʃʼezarulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀезавилищ
/[t͡ʃʼezawiliʃː]/
0
|
чӀезайилищ
/[t͡ʃʼezajiliʃː]/
0
|
чӀезабилищ
/[t͡ʃˀezabiliʃː]/
0
|
чӀезарилищ
/[t͡ʃʼezariliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀезавиларищ
/[t͡ʃʼezawilariʃː]/
0
|
чӀезайиларищ
/[t͡ʃʼezajilariʃː]/
0
|
чӀезабиларищ
/[t͡ʃˀezabilariʃː]/
0
|
чӀезариларищ
/[t͡ʃʼezarilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чӀезавурав
/[t͡ʃʼezawuraw]/
🔒
3
|
чӀезайурай
/[t͡ʃʼezajuraj]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабураб
/[t͡ʃˀezaburab]/
🔒
132
|
чӀезарурал
/[t͡ʃʼezarural]/
🔒
81
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чӀезавичӀев
/[t͡ʃʼezawit͡ʃʼew]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезайичӀей
/[t͡ʃʼezajit͡ʃʼej]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабичӀеб
/[t͡ʃˀezabit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
4
|
чӀезаричӀел
/[t͡ʃʼezarit͡ʃʼel]/
🔒
2
|
| Present Participle |
чӀезавулев
/[t͡ʃʼezawulew]/
🔒
5
|
чӀезайулей
/[t͡ʃʼezajulej]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабулеб
/[t͡ʃˀezabuleb]/
🔒
166
|
чӀезарулел
/[t͡ʃʼezarulel]/
🔒
60
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чӀезавуларев
/[t͡ʃʼezawularew]/
🔒
1
|
чӀезайуларей
/[t͡ʃʼezajularej]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабулареб
/[t͡ʃˀezabulareb]/
🔒
3
|
чӀезаруларел
/[t͡ʃʼezarularel]/
🔒
0
|
| Future Participle |
чӀезавилев
/[t͡ʃʼezawilew]/
🔒
3
|
чӀезайилей
/[t͡ʃʼezajilej]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабилеб
/[t͡ʃˀezabileb]/
🔒
17
|
чӀезарилел
/[t͡ʃʼezarilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чӀезавиларев
/[t͡ʃʼezawilarew]/
0
|
чӀезайиларей
/[t͡ʃʼezajilarej]/
0
|
чӀезабилареб
/[t͡ʃˀezabilareb]/
0
|
чӀезариларел
/[t͡ʃʼezarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чӀезавизехъин
/[t͡ʃʼezawizeq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезайизехъин
/[t͡ʃʼezajizeq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабизехъин
/[t͡ʃˀezabizeq͡χːin]/
🔒
2
|
чӀезаризехъин
/[t͡ʃʼezarizeq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чӀезавизехъинро
/[t͡ʃʼezawizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
чӀезайизехъинро
/[t͡ʃʼezajizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
чӀезабизехъинро
/[t͡ʃˀezabizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
чӀезаризехъинро
/[t͡ʃʼezarizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
чӀезавеяв
/[t͡ʃʼezawejaw]/
0
|
чӀезайеяй
/[t͡ʃʼezajejaj]/
0
|
чӀезабеяб
/[t͡ʃˀezabejab]/
0
|
чӀезареял
/[t͡ʃʼezarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чӀезавурав
3
|
чӀезайурай
0
|
чӀезабураб
132
|
чӀезарурал
81
|
| Ergative |
чӀезавурас
0
|
чӀезайуралъ
0
|
чӀезабуралъ
0
|
чӀезарураз
0
|
| Genitive |
чӀезавурасул
0
|
чӀезайуралъул
0
|
чӀезабуралъул
0
|
чӀезаруразул
2
|
| Dative |
чӀезавурасе
0
|
чӀезайуралъе
0
|
чӀезабуралъе
0
|
чӀезаруразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чӀезавурасда
0
|
чӀезайуралъда
0
|
чӀезабуралъда
0
|
чӀезаруразда
1
|
| Allative (-де) |
чӀезавурасде
0
|
чӀезайуралъде
0
|
чӀезабуралъде
0
|
чӀезаруразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чӀезавурасдаса
0
|
чӀезайуралъдаса
0
|
чӀезабуралъдаса
0
|
чӀезарураздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чӀезавурасдасан
0
|
чӀезайуралъдасан
0
|
чӀезабуралъдасан
0
|
чӀезарураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чӀезавурасухъ
0
|
чӀезайуралъухъ
0
|
чӀезабуралъухъ
8
|
чӀезаруразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чӀезавурасухъе
0
|
чӀезайуралъухъе
0
|
чӀезабуралъухъе
0
|
чӀезаруразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чӀезавурасухъа
0
|
чӀезайуралъухъа
0
|
чӀезабуралъухъа
0
|
чӀезаруразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чӀезавурасухъан
0
|
чӀезайуралъухъан
0
|
чӀезабуралъухъан
0
|
чӀезаруразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чӀезавурасулъ
0
|
чӀезайуралъулъ
0
|
чӀезабуралъулъ
0
|
чӀезаруразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чӀезавурасулъе
0
|
чӀезайуралъулъе
0
|
чӀезабуралъулъе
0
|
чӀезаруразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чӀезавурасулъа
0
|
чӀезайуралъулъа
0
|
чӀезабуралъулъа
0
|
чӀезаруразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чӀезавурасулъан
0
|
чӀезайуралъулъан
0
|
чӀезабуралъулъан
0
|
чӀезаруразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чӀезавурасукь
0
|
чӀезайуралъукь
0
|
чӀезабуралъукь
0
|
чӀезаруразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чӀезавурасукье
0
|
чӀезайуралъукье
0
|
чӀезабуралъукье
0
|
чӀезаруразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чӀезавурасукьа
0
|
чӀезайуралъукьа
0
|
чӀезабуралъукьа
0
|
чӀезаруразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чӀезавурасукьан
0
|
чӀезайуралъукьан
0
|
чӀезабуралъукьан
0
|
чӀезаруразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чӀезавун
/[t͡ʃʼezawun]/
🔒
28
|
чӀезайун
/[t͡ʃʼezajun]/
0
|
чӀезабун
/[t͡ʃʼezabun]/
🔒
524
|
чӀезарун
/[t͡ʃʼezarun]/
🔒
311
|
| Adverbial Past |
чӀезавун
/[t͡ʃʼezawun]/
🔒
28
|
чӀезайун
/[t͡ʃʼezajun]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабун
/[t͡ʃˀezabun]/
🔒
524
|
чӀезарун
/[t͡ʃʼezarun]/
🔒
311
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чӀезабичӀого
/[t͡ʃˀezabit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
11
|
чӀезабичӀого
/[t͡ʃˀezabit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
11
|
чӀезабичӀого
/[t͡ʃˀezabit͡ʃˀogo]/
🔒
11
|
чӀезаричӀого
/[t͡ʃʼezarit͡ʃʼogo]/
🔒
5
|
| Adverbial General |
чӀезавулаго
/[t͡ʃʼezawulago]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезайулаго
/[t͡ʃʼezajulago]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезабулаго
/[t͡ʃˀezabulago]/
🔒
4
|
чӀезарулаго
/[t͡ʃʼezarulago]/
🔒
1
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
чӀезабуларого
/[t͡ʃˀezabularogo]/
0
|
чӀезабуларого
/[t͡ʃˀezabularogo]/
0
|
чӀезабуларого
/[t͡ʃˀezabularogo]/
0
|
чӀезаруларого
/[t͡ʃʼezarularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чӀезави
/[t͡ʃʼezawi]/
🔒
1
|
чӀезайи
/[t͡ʃʼezaji]/
🔒
0
|
чӀезаби
/[t͡ʃˀezabi]/
🔒
137
|
чӀезари
/[t͡ʃʼezari]/
🔒
53
|
| Infinitive |
чӀезавизе
/[t͡ʃʼezawize]/
🔒
21
|
чӀезайизе
/[t͡ʃʼezajize]/
🔒
5
|
чӀезабизе
/[t͡ʃˀezabize]/
🔒
492
|
чӀезаризе
/[t͡ʃʼezarize]/
🔒
206
|
| Causative |
чӀезабизабизе
[t͡ʃˀezabizabize]
0
|
|||
| Causative Negative |
чӀезабизабуларо
[t͡ʃˀezabizabularo]
0
|
|||
| Durative |
чӀезавиаризе
/[t͡ʃʼezawijarize]/
0
|
чӀезайиаризе
/[t͡ʃʼezajijarize]/
0
|
чӀезабиаризе
/[t͡ʃˀezabijarize]/
0
|
чӀезариаризе
/[t͡ʃʼezarijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
чӀезавиариларо
/[t͡ʃʼezawijarilaro]/
0
|
чӀезайиариларо
/[t͡ʃʼezajijarilaro]/
0
|
чӀезабиариларо
/[t͡ʃˀezabijarilaro]/
0
|
чӀезариариларо
/[t͡ʃʼezarijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
чӀезаб-чӀезавизе
/[t͡ʃʼezab-t͡ʃʼezawize]/
0
|
чӀезаб-чӀезайизе
/[t͡ʃʼezab-t͡ʃʼezajize]/
0
|
чӀезаб-чӀезабизе
/[t͡ʃˀezab-t͡ʃˀezabize]/
0
|
чӀезаб-чӀезаризе
/[t͡ʃʼezab-t͡ʃʼezarize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
чӀезаб-чӀезавиларо
/[t͡ʃʼezab-t͡ʃʼezawilaro]/
0
|
чӀезаб-чӀезайиларо
/[t͡ʃʼezab-t͡ʃʼezajilaro]/
0
|
чӀезаб-чӀезабиларо
/[t͡ʃˀezab-t͡ʃˀezabilaro]/
0
|
чӀезаб-чӀезариларо
/[t͡ʃʼezab-t͡ʃʼezarilaro]/
0
|