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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: hine
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
174499
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
4
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
гьана
[hana]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гьинчӀо
[hint͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гьина
[hina]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гьинаро
[hinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гьуна
[huna]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гьунаро
[hunaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гьунаан
[hunajan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гьунароан
[hunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гьа
[hã]
🔒
405
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гьунге
[hunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
гьаги
[hagi]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гьунгеги
[hungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гьинин
[hinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гьани
[hani]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гьинчӀони
[hint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьанищ
[haniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьинчӀищ
[hint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гьунищ
[huniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьунарищ
[hunariʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гьинищ
[hiniʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гьинарищ
[hinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гьарав
/[haraw]/
🔒
0
|
гьарай
/[haraj]/
🔒
7
|
гьараб
/[harab]/
🔒
2
|
гьарал
/[haral]/
🔒
6
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гьинчӀев
/[hint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
гьинчӀей
/[hint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
гьинчӀеб
/[hint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
гьинчӀел
/[hint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
гьунев
/[hunew]/
🔒
0
|
гьуней
/[hunej]/
🔒
1
|
гьунеб
/[huneb]/
🔒
10
|
гьунел
/[hunel]/
🔒
4
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гьунарев
/[hunarew]/
🔒
0
|
гьунарей
/[hunarej]/
🔒
0
|
гьунареб
/[hunareb]/
🔒
2
|
гьунарел
/[hunarel]/
🔒
2
|
| Future Participle |
гьинев
/[hinew]/
0
|
гьиней
/[hinej]/
0
|
гьинеб
/[hineb]/
0
|
гьинел
/[hinel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гьинарев
/[hinarew]/
0
|
гьинарей
/[hinarej]/
0
|
гьинареб
/[hinareb]/
0
|
гьинарел
/[hinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гьинехъин
[hineq͡χːin]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гьинехъинро
[hineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гьаяв
/[hajaw]/
0
|
гьаяй
/[hajaj]/
0
|
гьаяб
/[hajab]/
0
|
гьаял
/[hajal]/
🔒
2
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гьарав
0
|
гьарай
7
|
гьараб
2
|
гьарал
6
|
| Ergative |
гьарас
0
|
гьаралъ
0
|
гьаралъ
0
|
гьараз
0
|
| Genitive |
гьарасул
0
|
гьаралъул
5
|
гьаралъул
5
|
гьаразул
0
|
| Dative |
гьарасе
0
|
гьаралъе
0
|
гьаралъе
0
|
гьаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гьарасда
0
|
гьаралъда
0
|
гьаралъда
0
|
гьаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
гьарасде
0
|
гьаралъде
0
|
гьаралъде
0
|
гьаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гьарасдаса
0
|
гьаралъдаса
0
|
гьаралъдаса
0
|
гьараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гьарасдасан
0
|
гьаралъдасан
0
|
гьаралъдасан
0
|
гьараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гьарасухъ
0
|
гьаралъухъ
0
|
гьаралъухъ
0
|
гьаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гьарасухъе
0
|
гьаралъухъе
0
|
гьаралъухъе
0
|
гьаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гьарасухъа
0
|
гьаралъухъа
0
|
гьаралъухъа
0
|
гьаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гьарасухъан
0
|
гьаралъухъан
0
|
гьаралъухъан
0
|
гьаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гьарасулъ
0
|
гьаралъулъ
0
|
гьаралъулъ
0
|
гьаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гьарасулъе
0
|
гьаралъулъе
0
|
гьаралъулъе
0
|
гьаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гьарасулъа
0
|
гьаралъулъа
0
|
гьаралъулъа
0
|
гьаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гьарасулъан
0
|
гьаралъулъан
0
|
гьаралъулъан
0
|
гьаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гьарасукь
0
|
гьаралъукь
0
|
гьаралъукь
0
|
гьаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гьарасукье
0
|
гьаралъукье
0
|
гьаралъукье
0
|
гьаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гьарасукьа
0
|
гьаралъукьа
0
|
гьаралъукьа
0
|
гьаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гьарасукьан
0
|
гьаралъукьан
0
|
гьаралъукьан
0
|
гьаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гьун
[hun]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гьун
[hun]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гьинчӀого
[hint͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гьунаго
[hunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гьунарого
[hunarogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гьин
[hin]
🔒
19
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гьине
[hine]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Causative |
гьинавизе
/[hinawize]/
🔒
0
|
гьинайизе
/[hinajize]/
🔒
0
|
гьинабизе
/[hinabize]/
🔒
1
|
гьинаризе
/[hinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гьинавуларо
/[hinawularo]/
0
|
гьинайуларо
/[hinajularo]/
0
|
гьинабуларо
/[hinabularo]/
0
|
гьинаруларо
/[hinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гьанхъизе
[hanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гьанхъиларо
[hanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гьи-гьине
[hi-hine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гьи-гьинаро
[hi-hinaro]
0
|
|||