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Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: ts'ohodize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
174882
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
9
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀohodulew wugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀohodulej jigo]/ |
/[t͡sˀohoduleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀohodulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀohodulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀohodulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀohoduleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀohodulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
цӀогьодана
[t͡sˀohodana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀогьодичӀо
[t͡sˀohodit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀогьодила
[t͡sˀohodila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀогьодиларо
[t͡sˀohodilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀогьодула
[t͡sˀohodula]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀогьодуларо
[t͡sˀohodularo]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀогьодулаан
[t͡sʼohodulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀогьодулароан
[t͡sʼohodularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀогьоде
[t͡sˀohode]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀогьодуге
[t͡sˀohoduge]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀогьодеги
[t͡sʼohodegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀогьодугеги
[t͡sˀohodugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀогьодизин
[t͡sˀohodizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀогьодани
[t͡sˀohodani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀогьодичӀони
[t͡sˀohodit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀогьоданищ
[t͡sˀohodaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀогьодичӀищ
[t͡sˀohodit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀогьодулищ
[t͡sˀohoduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀогьодуларищ
[t͡sˀohodulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀогьодилищ
[t͡sˀohodiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀогьодиларищ
[t͡sˀohodilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀогьодарав
/[t͡sˀohodaraw]/
0
|
цӀогьодарай
/[t͡sˀohodaraj]/
0
|
цӀогьодараб
/[t͡sˀohodarab]/
0
|
цӀогьодарал
/[t͡sˀohodaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀогьодичӀев
/[t͡sˀohodit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀогьодичӀей
/[t͡sˀohodit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀогьодичӀеб
/[t͡sˀohodit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
цӀогьодичӀел
/[t͡sˀohodit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀогьодулев
/[t͡sˀohodulew]/
🔒
3
|
цӀогьодулей
/[t͡sˀohodulej]/
🔒
0
|
цӀогьодулеб
/[t͡sˀohoduleb]/
🔒
3
|
цӀогьодулел
/[t͡sˀohodulel]/
🔒
7
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀогьодуларев
/[t͡sˀohodularew]/
0
|
цӀогьодуларей
/[t͡sˀohodularej]/
0
|
цӀогьодулареб
/[t͡sˀohodulareb]/
0
|
цӀогьодуларел
/[t͡sˀohodularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀогьодилев
/[t͡sˀohodilew]/
0
|
цӀогьодилей
/[t͡sˀohodilej]/
0
|
цӀогьодилеб
/[t͡sˀohodileb]/
0
|
цӀогьодилел
/[t͡sˀohodilel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀогьодиларев
/[t͡sˀohodilarew]/
0
|
цӀогьодиларей
/[t͡sˀohodilarej]/
0
|
цӀогьодилареб
/[t͡sˀohodilareb]/
0
|
цӀогьодиларел
/[t͡sˀohodilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀогьодизехъин
[t͡sˀohodizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀогьодизехъинро
[t͡sˀohodizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀогьодеяв
/[t͡sˀohodejaw]/
0
|
цӀогьодеяй
/[t͡sˀohodejaj]/
0
|
цӀогьодеяб
/[t͡sˀohodejab]/
0
|
цӀогьодеял
/[t͡sʼohodejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀогьодарав
0
|
цӀогьодарай
0
|
цӀогьодараб
0
|
цӀогьодарал
1
|
| Ergative |
цӀогьодарас
0
|
цӀогьодаралъ
0
|
цӀогьодаралъ
0
|
цӀогьодараз
0
|
| Genitive |
цӀогьодарасул
0
|
цӀогьодаралъул
0
|
цӀогьодаралъул
0
|
цӀогьодаразул
0
|
| Dative |
цӀогьодарасе
0
|
цӀогьодаралъе
0
|
цӀогьодаралъе
0
|
цӀогьодаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀогьодарасда
0
|
цӀогьодаралъда
0
|
цӀогьодаралъда
0
|
цӀогьодаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀогьодарасде
0
|
цӀогьодаралъде
0
|
цӀогьодаралъде
0
|
цӀогьодаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀогьодарасдаса
0
|
цӀогьодаралъдаса
0
|
цӀогьодаралъдаса
0
|
цӀогьодараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀогьодарасдасан
0
|
цӀогьодаралъдасан
0
|
цӀогьодаралъдасан
0
|
цӀогьодараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀогьодарасухъ
0
|
цӀогьодаралъухъ
0
|
цӀогьодаралъухъ
0
|
цӀогьодаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀогьодарасухъе
0
|
цӀогьодаралъухъе
0
|
цӀогьодаралъухъе
0
|
цӀогьодаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀогьодарасухъа
0
|
цӀогьодаралъухъа
0
|
цӀогьодаралъухъа
0
|
цӀогьодаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀогьодарасухъан
0
|
цӀогьодаралъухъан
0
|
цӀогьодаралъухъан
0
|
цӀогьодаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀогьодарасулъ
0
|
цӀогьодаралъулъ
0
|
цӀогьодаралъулъ
0
|
цӀогьодаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀогьодарасулъе
0
|
цӀогьодаралъулъе
0
|
цӀогьодаралъулъе
0
|
цӀогьодаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀогьодарасулъа
0
|
цӀогьодаралъулъа
0
|
цӀогьодаралъулъа
0
|
цӀогьодаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀогьодарасулъан
0
|
цӀогьодаралъулъан
0
|
цӀогьодаралъулъан
0
|
цӀогьодаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀогьодарасукь
0
|
цӀогьодаралъукь
0
|
цӀогьодаралъукь
0
|
цӀогьодаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀогьодарасукье
0
|
цӀогьодаралъукье
0
|
цӀогьодаралъукье
0
|
цӀогьодаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀогьодарасукьа
0
|
цӀогьодаралъукьа
0
|
цӀогьодаралъукьа
0
|
цӀогьодаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀогьодарасукьан
0
|
цӀогьодаралъукьан
0
|
цӀогьодаралъукьан
0
|
цӀогьодаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀогьодун
[t͡sʼohodun]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀогьодун
[t͡sˀohodun]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀогьодичӀого
[t͡sˀohodit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀогьодулаго
[t͡sˀohodulago]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀогьодуларого
[t͡sˀohodularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀогьоди
[t͡sˀohodi]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀогьодизе
[t͡sˀohodize]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀогьодизавизе
/[t͡sʼohodizawize]/
0
|
цӀогьодизайизе
/[t͡sʼohodizajize]/
0
|
цӀогьодизабизе
/[t͡sˀohodizabize]/
0
|
цӀогьодизаризе
/[t͡sʼohodizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀогьодизавуларо
/[t͡sʼohodizawularo]/
0
|
цӀогьодизайуларо
/[t͡sʼohodizajularo]/
0
|
цӀогьодизабуларо
/[t͡sˀohodizabularo]/
0
|
цӀогьодизаруларо
/[t͡sʼohodizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀогьодиаризе
[t͡sˀohodijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀогьодиариларо
[t͡sˀohodijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀогьод-цӀогьодизе
[t͡sˀohod-t͡sˀohodize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀогьод-цӀогьодиларо
[t͡sˀohod-t͡sˀohodilaro]
0
|
|||