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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: sverdize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
175368
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
7
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
свердана
[swerdana]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
свердичӀо
[swerdit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
свердила
[swerdila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
свердиларо
[swerdilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
свердула
[swerdula]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
свердуларо
[swerdularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
свердулаан
[swerdulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
свердулароан
[swerdularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
сверде
[swerde]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
свердуге
[swerduge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
свердеги
[swerdegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
свердугеги
[swerdugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
свердизин
[swerdizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
свердани
[swerdani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
свердичӀони
[swerdit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
сверданищ
[swerdaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
свердичӀищ
[swerdit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
свердулищ
[swerduliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
свердуларищ
[swerdulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
свердилищ
[swerdiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
свердиларищ
[swerdilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
свердарав
/[swerdaraw]/
🔒
1
|
свердарай
/[swerdaraj]/
0
|
свердараб
/[swerdarab]/
0
|
свердарал
/[swerdaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
свердичӀев
/[swerdit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
свердичӀей
/[swerdit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
свердичӀеб
/[swerdit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
свердичӀел
/[swerdit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
свердулев
/[swerdulew]/
🔒
1
|
свердулей
/[swerdulej]/
🔒
0
|
свердулеб
/[swerduleb]/
🔒
2
|
свердулел
/[swerdulel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle Negative |
свердуларев
/[swerdularew]/
0
|
свердуларей
/[swerdularej]/
0
|
свердулареб
/[swerdulareb]/
0
|
свердуларел
/[swerdularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
свердилев
/[swerdilew]/
🔒
1
|
свердилей
/[swerdilej]/
🔒
0
|
свердилеб
/[swerdileb]/
🔒
1
|
свердилел
/[swerdilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
свердиларев
/[swerdilarew]/
0
|
свердиларей
/[swerdilarej]/
0
|
свердилареб
/[swerdilareb]/
0
|
свердиларел
/[swerdilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
свердизехъин
[swerdizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
свердизехъинро
[swerdizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
свердеяв
/[swerdejaw]/
0
|
свердеяй
/[swerdejaj]/
0
|
свердеяб
/[swerdejab]/
0
|
свердеял
/[swerdejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
свердарав
1
|
свердарай
0
|
свердараб
0
|
свердарал
0
|
| Ergative |
свердарас
0
|
свердаралъ
0
|
свердаралъ
0
|
свердараз
0
|
| Genitive |
свердарасул
0
|
свердаралъул
0
|
свердаралъул
0
|
свердаразул
0
|
| Dative |
свердарасе
0
|
свердаралъе
0
|
свердаралъе
0
|
свердаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
свердарасда
0
|
свердаралъда
0
|
свердаралъда
0
|
свердаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
свердарасде
0
|
свердаралъде
0
|
свердаралъде
0
|
свердаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
свердарасдаса
0
|
свердаралъдаса
0
|
свердаралъдаса
0
|
свердараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
свердарасдасан
0
|
свердаралъдасан
0
|
свердаралъдасан
0
|
свердараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
свердарасухъ
0
|
свердаралъухъ
0
|
свердаралъухъ
0
|
свердаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
свердарасухъе
0
|
свердаралъухъе
0
|
свердаралъухъе
0
|
свердаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
свердарасухъа
0
|
свердаралъухъа
0
|
свердаралъухъа
0
|
свердаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
свердарасухъан
0
|
свердаралъухъан
0
|
свердаралъухъан
0
|
свердаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
свердарасулъ
0
|
свердаралъулъ
0
|
свердаралъулъ
0
|
свердаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
свердарасулъе
0
|
свердаралъулъе
0
|
свердаралъулъе
0
|
свердаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
свердарасулъа
0
|
свердаралъулъа
0
|
свердаралъулъа
0
|
свердаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
свердарасулъан
0
|
свердаралъулъан
0
|
свердаралъулъан
0
|
свердаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
свердарасукь
0
|
свердаралъукь
0
|
свердаралъукь
0
|
свердаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
свердарасукье
0
|
свердаралъукье
0
|
свердаралъукье
0
|
свердаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
свердарасукьа
0
|
свердаралъукьа
0
|
свердаралъукьа
0
|
свердаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
свердарасукьан
0
|
свердаралъукьан
0
|
свердаралъукьан
0
|
свердаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
свердун
[swerdun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
свердун
[swerdun]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
свердичӀого
[swerdit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
свердулаго
[swerdulago]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
свердуларого
[swerdularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
сверди
[swerdi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
свердизе
[swerdize]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Causative |
свердизавизе
/[swerdizawize]/
🔒
0
|
свердизайизе
/[swerdizajize]/
🔒
0
|
свердизабизе
/[swerdizabize]/
🔒
1
|
свердизаризе
/[swerdizarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
свердизавуларо
/[swerdizawularo]/
0
|
свердизайуларо
/[swerdizajularo]/
0
|
свердизабуларо
/[swerdizabularo]/
0
|
свердизаруларо
/[swerdizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
свердиаризе
[swerdijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
свердиариларо
[swerdijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
сверд-свердизе
[swerd-swerdize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
сверд-свердиларо
[swerd-swerdilaro]
0
|
|||