Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
всплеснуть
плескать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: chvalkhize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
175587
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
2
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
чвалхана
[t͡ʃwalχana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
чвалхичӀо
[t͡ʃwalχit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чвалхила
[t͡ʃwalχila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чвалхиларо
[t͡ʃwalχilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чвалхула
[t͡ʃwalχula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
чвалхуларо
[t͡ʃwalχularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чвалхулаан
[t͡ʃwalχulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
чвалхулароан
[t͡ʃwalχularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
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|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чвалхе
[t͡ʃwalχe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чвалхуге
[t͡ʃwalχuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чвалхеги
[t͡ʃwalχegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чвалхугеги
[t͡ʃwalχugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чвалхизин
[t͡ʃwalχizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чвалхани
[t͡ʃwalχani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чвалхичӀони
[t͡ʃwalχit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чвалханищ
[t͡ʃwalχaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чвалхичӀищ
[t͡ʃwalχit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чвалхулищ
[t͡ʃwalχuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чвалхуларищ
[t͡ʃwalχulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чвалхилищ
[t͡ʃwalχiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чвалхиларищ
[t͡ʃwalχilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чвалхарав
/[t͡ʃwalχaraw]/
0
|
чвалхарай
/[t͡ʃwalχaraj]/
0
|
чвалхараб
/[t͡ʃwalχarab]/
0
|
чвалхарал
/[t͡ʃwalχaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чвалхичӀев
/[t͡ʃwalχit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
чвалхичӀей
/[t͡ʃwalχit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
чвалхичӀеб
/[t͡ʃwalχit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
чвалхичӀел
/[t͡ʃwalχit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чвалхулев
/[t͡ʃwalχulew]/
0
|
чвалхулей
/[t͡ʃwalχulej]/
0
|
чвалхулеб
/[t͡ʃwalχuleb]/
0
|
чвалхулел
/[t͡ʃwalχulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чвалхуларев
/[t͡ʃwalχularew]/
🔒
0
|
чвалхуларей
/[t͡ʃwalχularej]/
🔒
0
|
чвалхулареб
/[t͡ʃwalχulareb]/
🔒
1
|
чвалхуларел
/[t͡ʃwalχularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
чвалхилев
/[t͡ʃwalχilew]/
0
|
чвалхилей
/[t͡ʃwalχilej]/
0
|
чвалхилеб
/[t͡ʃwalχileb]/
0
|
чвалхилел
/[t͡ʃwalχilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чвалхиларев
/[t͡ʃwalχilarew]/
0
|
чвалхиларей
/[t͡ʃwalχilarej]/
0
|
чвалхилареб
/[t͡ʃwalχilareb]/
0
|
чвалхиларел
/[t͡ʃwalχilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чвалхизехъин
[t͡ʃwalχizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чвалхизехъинро
[t͡ʃwalχizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чвалхеяв
/[t͡ʃwalχejaw]/
0
|
чвалхеяй
/[t͡ʃwalχejaj]/
0
|
чвалхеяб
/[t͡ʃwalχejab]/
0
|
чвалхеял
/[t͡ʃwalχejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чвалхарав
0
|
чвалхарай
0
|
чвалхараб
0
|
чвалхарал
0
|
| Ergative |
чвалхарас
0
|
чвалхаралъ
0
|
чвалхаралъ
0
|
чвалхараз
0
|
| Genitive |
чвалхарасул
0
|
чвалхаралъул
0
|
чвалхаралъул
0
|
чвалхаразул
0
|
| Dative |
чвалхарасе
0
|
чвалхаралъе
0
|
чвалхаралъе
0
|
чвалхаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чвалхарасда
0
|
чвалхаралъда
0
|
чвалхаралъда
0
|
чвалхаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чвалхарасде
0
|
чвалхаралъде
0
|
чвалхаралъде
0
|
чвалхаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чвалхарасдаса
0
|
чвалхаралъдаса
0
|
чвалхаралъдаса
0
|
чвалхараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чвалхарасдасан
0
|
чвалхаралъдасан
0
|
чвалхаралъдасан
0
|
чвалхараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чвалхарасухъ
0
|
чвалхаралъухъ
0
|
чвалхаралъухъ
0
|
чвалхаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чвалхарасухъе
0
|
чвалхаралъухъе
0
|
чвалхаралъухъе
0
|
чвалхаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чвалхарасухъа
0
|
чвалхаралъухъа
0
|
чвалхаралъухъа
0
|
чвалхаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чвалхарасухъан
0
|
чвалхаралъухъан
0
|
чвалхаралъухъан
0
|
чвалхаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чвалхарасулъ
0
|
чвалхаралъулъ
0
|
чвалхаралъулъ
0
|
чвалхаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чвалхарасулъе
0
|
чвалхаралъулъе
0
|
чвалхаралъулъе
0
|
чвалхаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чвалхарасулъа
0
|
чвалхаралъулъа
0
|
чвалхаралъулъа
0
|
чвалхаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чвалхарасулъан
0
|
чвалхаралъулъан
0
|
чвалхаралъулъан
0
|
чвалхаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чвалхарасукь
0
|
чвалхаралъукь
0
|
чвалхаралъукь
0
|
чвалхаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чвалхарасукье
0
|
чвалхаралъукье
0
|
чвалхаралъукье
0
|
чвалхаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чвалхарасукьа
0
|
чвалхаралъукьа
0
|
чвалхаралъукьа
0
|
чвалхаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чвалхарасукьан
0
|
чвалхаралъукьан
0
|
чвалхаралъукьан
0
|
чвалхаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чвалхун
[t͡ʃwalχun]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чвалхун
[t͡ʃwalχun]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чвалхичӀого
[t͡ʃwalχit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чвалхулаго
[t͡ʃwalχulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чвалхуларого
[t͡ʃwalχularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чвалхи
[t͡ʃwalχi]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чвалхизе
[t͡ʃwalχize]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Causative |
чвалхизавизе
/[t͡ʃwalχizawize]/
0
|
чвалхизайизе
/[t͡ʃwalχizajize]/
0
|
чвалхизабизе
/[t͡ʃwalχizabize]/
0
|
чвалхизаризе
/[t͡ʃwalχizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
чвалхизавуларо
/[t͡ʃwalχizawularo]/
0
|
чвалхизайуларо
/[t͡ʃwalχizajularo]/
0
|
чвалхизабуларо
/[t͡ʃwalχizabularo]/
0
|
чвалхизаруларо
/[t͡ʃwalχizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чвалхиаризе
[t͡ʃwalχijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чвалхиариларо
[t͡ʃwalχijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чвалх-чвалхизе
[t͡ʃwalχ-t͡ʃwalχize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чвалх-чвалхиларо
[t͡ʃwalχ-t͡ʃwalχilaro]
0
|
|||