Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
вчитаться
огласить
прочитать
скандировать
учиться
читать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ts'alize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
175825
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1807
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
цӀалана
[t͡sˀalana]
🔒
590
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀаличӀо
[t͡sˀalit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
10
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀалила
[t͡sˀalila]
🔒
48
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀалиларо
[t͡sˀalilaro]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀалула
[t͡sˀalula]
🔒
151
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀалуларо
[t͡sˀalularo]
🔒
12
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀалулаан
[t͡sʼalulajan]
🔒
75
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀалулароан
[t͡sʼalularojan]
🔒
3
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀале
[t͡sˀale]
🔒
330
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀалуге
[t͡sˀaluge]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀалеги
[t͡sʼalegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀалугеги
[t͡sˀalugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀализин
[t͡sˀalizin]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀалани
[t͡sˀalani]
🔒
20
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀаличӀони
[t͡sˀalit͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
3
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀаланищ
[t͡sˀalaniʃː]
🔒
7
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀаличӀищ
[t͡sˀalit͡ʃˀiʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀалулищ
[t͡sˀaluliʃː]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀалуларищ
[t͡sˀalulariʃː]
🔒
2
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀалилищ
[t͡sˀaliliʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀалиларищ
[t͡sˀalilariʃː]
🔒
1
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀаларав
/[t͡sˀalaraw]/
🔒
157
|
цӀаларай
/[t͡sˀalaraj]/
🔒
15
|
цӀалараб
/[t͡sˀalarab]/
🔒
100
|
цӀаларал
/[t͡sˀalaral]/
🔒
195
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀаличӀев
/[t͡sˀalit͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
15
|
цӀаличӀей
/[t͡sˀalit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀаличӀеб
/[t͡sˀalit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
8
|
цӀаличӀел
/[t͡sˀalit͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
9
|
| Present Participle |
цӀалулев
/[t͡sˀalulew]/
🔒
310
|
цӀалулей
/[t͡sˀalulej]/
🔒
57
|
цӀалулеб
/[t͡sˀaluleb]/
🔒
430
|
цӀалулел
/[t͡sˀalulel]/
🔒
503
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀалуларев
/[t͡sˀalularew]/
🔒
5
|
цӀалуларей
/[t͡sˀalularej]/
0
|
цӀалулареб
/[t͡sˀalulareb]/
🔒
7
|
цӀалуларел
/[t͡sˀalularel]/
🔒
2
|
| Future Participle |
цӀалилев
/[t͡sˀalilew]/
🔒
1
|
цӀалилей
/[t͡sˀalilej]/
0
|
цӀалилеб
/[t͡sˀalileb]/
🔒
1
|
цӀалилел
/[t͡sˀalilel]/
🔒
2
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀалиларев
/[t͡sˀalilarew]/
0
|
цӀалиларей
/[t͡sˀalilarej]/
0
|
цӀалилареб
/[t͡sˀalilareb]/
0
|
цӀалиларел
/[t͡sˀalilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀализехъин
[t͡sˀalizeq͡χːin]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀализехъинро
[t͡sˀalizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀалеяв
/[t͡sˀalejaw]/
0
|
цӀалеяй
/[t͡sˀalejaj]/
0
|
цӀалеяб
/[t͡sˀalejab]/
0
|
цӀалеял
/[t͡sʼalejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀаларав
157
|
цӀаларай
15
|
цӀалараб
100
|
цӀаларал
195
|
| Ergative |
цӀаларас
4
|
цӀаларалъ
0
|
цӀаларалъ
0
|
цӀалараз
9
|
| Genitive |
цӀаларасул
3
|
цӀаларалъул
0
|
цӀаларалъул
0
|
цӀаларазул
9
|
| Dative |
цӀаларасе
4
|
цӀаларалъе
0
|
цӀаларалъе
0
|
цӀаларазе
2
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀаларасда
1
|
цӀаларалъда
0
|
цӀаларалъда
0
|
цӀаларазда
11
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀаларасде
0
|
цӀаларалъде
0
|
цӀаларалъде
0
|
цӀаларазде
1
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀаларасдаса
0
|
цӀаларалъдаса
0
|
цӀаларалъдаса
0
|
цӀалараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀаларасдасан
0
|
цӀаларалъдасан
0
|
цӀаларалъдасан
0
|
цӀалараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀаларасухъ
0
|
цӀаларалъухъ
3
|
цӀаларалъухъ
3
|
цӀаларазухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀаларасухъе
0
|
цӀаларалъухъе
0
|
цӀаларалъухъе
0
|
цӀаларазухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀаларасухъа
0
|
цӀаларалъухъа
0
|
цӀаларалъухъа
0
|
цӀаларазухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀаларасухъан
0
|
цӀаларалъухъан
0
|
цӀаларалъухъан
0
|
цӀаларазухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀаларасулъ
0
|
цӀаларалъулъ
0
|
цӀаларалъулъ
0
|
цӀаларазулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀаларасулъе
0
|
цӀаларалъулъе
0
|
цӀаларалъулъе
0
|
цӀаларазулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀаларасулъа
0
|
цӀаларалъулъа
0
|
цӀаларалъулъа
0
|
цӀаларазулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀаларасулъан
0
|
цӀаларалъулъан
0
|
цӀаларалъулъан
0
|
цӀаларазулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀаларасукь
0
|
цӀаларалъукь
0
|
цӀаларалъукь
0
|
цӀаларазукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀаларасукье
0
|
цӀаларалъукье
0
|
цӀаларалъукье
0
|
цӀаларазукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀаларасукьа
0
|
цӀаларалъукьа
0
|
цӀаларалъукьа
0
|
цӀаларазукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀаларасукьан
0
|
цӀаларалъукьан
0
|
цӀаларалъукьан
0
|
цӀаларазукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀалун
[t͡sʼalun]
🔒
556
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀалун
[t͡sˀalun]
🔒
556
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀаличӀого
[t͡sˀalit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
30
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀалулаго
[t͡sˀalulago]
🔒
175
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀалуларого
[t͡sˀalularogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀали
[t͡sˀali]
🔒
507
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀализе
[t͡sˀalize]
🔒
1807
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀализавизе
/[t͡sʼalizawize]/
🔒
4
|
цӀализайизе
/[t͡sʼalizajize]/
🔒
1
|
цӀализабизе
/[t͡sˀalizabize]/
🔒
3
|
цӀализаризе
/[t͡sʼalizarize]/
🔒
26
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀализавуларо
/[t͡sʼalizawularo]/
0
|
цӀализайуларо
/[t͡sʼalizajularo]/
0
|
цӀализабуларо
/[t͡sˀalizabularo]/
0
|
цӀализаруларо
/[t͡sʼalizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀалиаризе
[t͡sˀalijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀалиариларо
[t͡sˀalijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀал-цӀализе
[t͡sˀal-t͡sˀalize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀал-цӀалиларо
[t͡sˀal-t͡sˀalilaro]
0
|
|||