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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ch'ekheze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
175894
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
11
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
чӀехьена
[t͡ʃˀexena]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
чӀехьечӀо
[t͡ʃˀexet͡ʃˀo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чӀехьела
[t͡ʃˀexela]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чӀехьеларо
[t͡ʃˀexelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чӀехьола
[t͡ʃˀexola]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
чӀехьоларо
[t͡ʃˀexolaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чӀехьолаан
[t͡ʃʼexolajan]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
чӀехьолароан
[t͡ʃʼexolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чӀехье
[t͡ʃˀexe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чӀехьоге
[t͡ʃˀexoge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чӀехьеги
[t͡ʃʼexegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чӀехьогеги
[t͡ʃˀexogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чӀехьезин
[t͡ʃˀexezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чӀехьени
[t͡ʃˀexeni]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чӀехьечӀони
[t͡ʃˀexet͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀехьенищ
[t͡ʃˀexeniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀехьечӀищ
[t͡ʃˀexet͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀехьолищ
[t͡ʃˀexoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀехьоларищ
[t͡ʃˀexolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀехьелищ
[t͡ʃˀexeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀехьеларищ
[t͡ʃˀexelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чӀехьерав
/[t͡ʃˀexeraw]/
0
|
чӀехьерай
/[t͡ʃˀexeraj]/
0
|
чӀехьераб
/[t͡ʃˀexerab]/
0
|
чӀехьерал
/[t͡ʃˀexeral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чӀехьечӀев
/[t͡ʃˀexet͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
чӀехьечӀей
/[t͡ʃˀexet͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
чӀехьечӀеб
/[t͡ʃˀexet͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
чӀехьечӀел
/[t͡ʃˀexet͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle |
чӀехьолев
/[t͡ʃˀexolew]/
🔒
1
|
чӀехьолей
/[t͡ʃˀexolej]/
🔒
1
|
чӀехьолеб
/[t͡ʃˀexoleb]/
🔒
3
|
чӀехьолел
/[t͡ʃˀexolel]/
🔒
5
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чӀехьоларев
/[t͡ʃˀexolarew]/
0
|
чӀехьоларей
/[t͡ʃˀexolarej]/
0
|
чӀехьолареб
/[t͡ʃˀexolareb]/
0
|
чӀехьоларел
/[t͡ʃˀexolarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
чӀехьелев
/[t͡ʃˀexelew]/
0
|
чӀехьелей
/[t͡ʃˀexelej]/
0
|
чӀехьелеб
/[t͡ʃˀexeleb]/
0
|
чӀехьелел
/[t͡ʃˀexelel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чӀехьеларев
/[t͡ʃˀexelarew]/
0
|
чӀехьеларей
/[t͡ʃˀexelarej]/
0
|
чӀехьелареб
/[t͡ʃˀexelareb]/
0
|
чӀехьеларел
/[t͡ʃˀexelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чӀехьезехъин
[t͡ʃˀexezeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чӀехьезехъинро
[t͡ʃˀexezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чӀехьеяв
/[t͡ʃˀexejaw]/
0
|
чӀехьеяй
/[t͡ʃˀexejaj]/
0
|
чӀехьеяб
/[t͡ʃˀexejab]/
0
|
чӀехьеял
/[t͡ʃʼexejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чӀехьерав
0
|
чӀехьерай
0
|
чӀехьераб
0
|
чӀехьерал
0
|
| Ergative |
чӀехьерас
0
|
чӀехьералъ
0
|
чӀехьералъ
0
|
чӀехьераз
0
|
| Genitive |
чӀехьерасул
0
|
чӀехьералъул
0
|
чӀехьералъул
0
|
чӀехьеразул
0
|
| Dative |
чӀехьерасе
0
|
чӀехьералъе
0
|
чӀехьералъе
0
|
чӀехьеразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чӀехьерасда
0
|
чӀехьералъда
0
|
чӀехьералъда
0
|
чӀехьеразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чӀехьерасде
0
|
чӀехьералъде
0
|
чӀехьералъде
0
|
чӀехьеразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чӀехьерасдаса
0
|
чӀехьералъдаса
0
|
чӀехьералъдаса
0
|
чӀехьераздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чӀехьерасдасан
0
|
чӀехьералъдасан
0
|
чӀехьералъдасан
0
|
чӀехьераздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чӀехьерасухъ
0
|
чӀехьералъухъ
0
|
чӀехьералъухъ
0
|
чӀехьеразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чӀехьерасухъе
0
|
чӀехьералъухъе
0
|
чӀехьералъухъе
0
|
чӀехьеразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чӀехьерасухъа
0
|
чӀехьералъухъа
0
|
чӀехьералъухъа
0
|
чӀехьеразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чӀехьерасухъан
0
|
чӀехьералъухъан
0
|
чӀехьералъухъан
0
|
чӀехьеразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чӀехьерасулъ
0
|
чӀехьералъулъ
0
|
чӀехьералъулъ
0
|
чӀехьеразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чӀехьерасулъе
0
|
чӀехьералъулъе
0
|
чӀехьералъулъе
0
|
чӀехьеразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чӀехьерасулъа
0
|
чӀехьералъулъа
0
|
чӀехьералъулъа
0
|
чӀехьеразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чӀехьерасулъан
0
|
чӀехьералъулъан
0
|
чӀехьералъулъан
0
|
чӀехьеразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чӀехьерасукь
0
|
чӀехьералъукь
0
|
чӀехьералъукь
0
|
чӀехьеразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чӀехьерасукье
0
|
чӀехьералъукье
0
|
чӀехьералъукье
0
|
чӀехьеразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чӀехьерасукьа
0
|
чӀехьералъукьа
0
|
чӀехьералъукьа
0
|
чӀехьеразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чӀехьерасукьан
0
|
чӀехьералъукьан
0
|
чӀехьералъукьан
0
|
чӀехьеразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чӀехьон
[t͡ʃʼexon]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чӀехьон
[t͡ʃˀexon]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чӀехьечӀого
[t͡ʃˀexet͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чӀехьолаго
[t͡ʃˀexolago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чӀехьоларого
[t͡ʃˀexolarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чӀехьей
[t͡ʃˀexej]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чӀехьезе
[t͡ʃˀexeze]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Causative |
чӀехьезавизе
/[t͡ʃʼexezawize]/
0
|
чӀехьезайизе
/[t͡ʃʼexezajize]/
0
|
чӀехьезабизе
/[t͡ʃˀexezabize]/
0
|
чӀехьезаризе
/[t͡ʃʼexezarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
чӀехьезавуларо
/[t͡ʃʼexezawularo]/
0
|
чӀехьезайуларо
/[t͡ʃʼexezajularo]/
0
|
чӀехьезабуларо
/[t͡ʃˀexezabularo]/
0
|
чӀехьезаруларо
/[t͡ʃʼexezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чӀехьеаризе
[t͡ʃˀexejarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чӀехьеариларо
[t͡ʃˀexejarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чӀехь-чӀехьезе
[t͡ʃˀex-t͡ʃˀexeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чӀехь-чӀехьеларо
[t͡ʃˀex-t͡ʃˀexelaro]
0
|
|||