Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
вывозить
выпачкать
грязнить
завозить
загрязнить
замусорить
замызгать
запачкать
засидеть
изгадить
испакостить
испачкать
насорить
опоганить
осквернить
пакостить
пачкать
перемазать
топтать
чернить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: qublhizabize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
175976
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[q͡χːubɬizawulew wugo]/ |
/[q͡χːubɬizajulej jigo]/ |
/[q͡χːubɬizabuleb bugo]/ |
/[q͡χːubɬizarulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[q͡χːubɬizawulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[q͡χːubɬizajulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[q͡χːubɬizabuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[q͡χːubɬizarulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
хъублъизавуна
/[q͡χːubɬizawuna]/
0
|
хъублъизайуна
/[q͡χːubɬizajuna]/
0
|
хъублъизабуна
/[q͡χːubɬizabuna]/
0
|
хъублъизаруна
/[q͡χːubɬizaruna]/
0
|
| Past Simple Negative |
хъублъизавичӀо
/[q͡χːubɬizawit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
хъублъизайичӀо
/[q͡χːubɬizajit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
хъублъизабичӀо
/[q͡χːubɬizabit͡ʃˀo]/
0
|
хъублъизаричӀо
/[q͡χːubɬizarit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
хъублъизавила
/[q͡χːubɬizawila]/
0
|
хъублъизайила
/[q͡χːubɬizajila]/
0
|
хъублъизабила
/[q͡χːubɬizabila]/
0
|
хъублъизарила
/[q͡χːubɬizarila]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
хъублъизавиларо
/[q͡χːubɬizawilaro]/
0
|
хъублъизайиларо
/[q͡χːubɬizajilaro]/
0
|
хъублъизабиларо
/[q͡χːubɬizabilaro]/
0
|
хъублъизариларо
/[q͡χːubɬizarilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
хъублъизавула
/[q͡χːubɬizawula]/
🔒
0
|
хъублъизайула
/[q͡χːubɬizajula]/
🔒
0
|
хъублъизабула
/[q͡χːubɬizabula]/
🔒
1
|
хъублъизарула
/[q͡χːubɬizarula]/
🔒
0
|
| Constative Negative |
хъублъизавуларо
/[q͡χːubɬizawularo]/
0
|
хъублъизайуларо
/[q͡χːubɬizajularo]/
0
|
хъублъизабуларо
/[q͡χːubɬizabularo]/
0
|
хъублъизаруларо
/[q͡χːubɬizarularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хъублъизавулаан
/[q͡χːubɬizawulajan]/
0
|
хъублъизайулаан
/[q͡χːubɬizajulajan]/
0
|
хъублъизабулаан
/[q͡χːubɬizabulajan]/
0
|
хъублъизарулаан
/[q͡χːubɬizarulajan]/
0
|
| Remote Past Negative |
хъублъизабулароан
/[q͡χːubɬizabularojan]/
0
|
хъублъизабулароан
/[q͡χːubɬizabularojan]/
0
|
хъублъизабулароан
/[q͡χːubɬizabularojan]/
0
|
хъублъизарулароан
/[q͡χːubɬizarularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хъублъизаве
/[q͡χːubɬizawe]/
0
|
хъублъизайе
/[q͡χːubɬizaje]/
0
|
хъублъизабе
/[q͡χːubɬizabe]/
0
|
хъублъизаре
/[q͡χːubɬizare]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хъублъизавуге
/[q͡χːubɬizawuge]/
0
|
хъублъизайуге
/[q͡χːubɬizajuge]/
0
|
хъублъизабуге
/[q͡χːubɬizabuge]/
0
|
хъублъизаруге
/[q͡χːubɬizaruge]/
0
|
| Optative |
хъублъизабеги
/[q͡χːubɬizawegi]/
0
|
хъублъизабеги
/[q͡χːubɬizajegi]/
0
|
хъублъизабеги
/[q͡χːubɬizabegi]/
0
|
хъублъизареги
/[q͡χːubɬizaregi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
хъублъизабугеги
/[q͡χːubɬizabugegi]/
0
|
хъублъизабугеги
/[q͡χːubɬizabugegi]/
0
|
хъублъизабугеги
/[q͡χːubɬizabugegi]/
0
|
хъублъизаругеги
/[q͡χːubɬizarugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
хъублъизавизин
/[q͡χːubɬizawizin]/
0
|
хъублъизайизин
/[q͡χːubɬizajizin]/
0
|
хъублъизабизин
/[q͡χːubɬizabizin]/
0
|
хъублъизаризин
/[q͡χːubɬizarizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хъублъизавуни
/[q͡χːubɬizawuni]/
0
|
хъублъизайуни
/[q͡χːubɬizajuni]/
0
|
хъублъизабуни
/[q͡χːubɬizabuni]/
0
|
хъублъизаруни
/[q͡χːubɬizaruni]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
хъублъизабичӀони
/[q͡χːubɬizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
хъублъизабичӀони
/[q͡χːubɬizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
хъублъизабичӀони
/[q͡χːubɬizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
хъублъизаричӀони
/[q͡χːubɬizarit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъублъизавунищ
/[q͡χːubɬizawuniʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизайунищ
/[q͡χːubɬizajuniʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизабунищ
/[q͡χːubɬizabuniʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизарунищ
/[q͡χːubɬizaruniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъублъизавичӀищ
/[q͡χːubɬizawit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизайичӀищ
/[q͡χːubɬizajit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизабичӀищ
/[q͡χːubɬizabit͡ʃˀiʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизаричӀищ
/[q͡χːubɬizarit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хъублъизавулищ
/[q͡χːubɬizawuliʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизайулищ
/[q͡χːubɬizajuliʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизабулищ
/[q͡χːubɬizabuliʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизарулищ
/[q͡χːubɬizaruliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъублъизавуларищ
/[q͡χːubɬizawulariʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизайуларищ
/[q͡χːubɬizajulariʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизабуларищ
/[q͡χːubɬizabulariʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизаруларищ
/[q͡χːubɬizarulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъублъизавилищ
/[q͡χːubɬizawiliʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизайилищ
/[q͡χːubɬizajiliʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизабилищ
/[q͡χːubɬizabiliʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизарилищ
/[q͡χːubɬizariliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъублъизавиларищ
/[q͡χːubɬizawilariʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизайиларищ
/[q͡χːubɬizajilariʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизабиларищ
/[q͡χːubɬizabilariʃː]/
0
|
хъублъизариларищ
/[q͡χːubɬizarilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хъублъизавурав
/[q͡χːubɬizawuraw]/
🔒
0
|
хъублъизайурай
/[q͡χːubɬizajuraj]/
🔒
0
|
хъублъизабураб
/[q͡χːubɬizaburab]/
🔒
1
|
хъублъизарурал
/[q͡χːubɬizarural]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хъублъизавичӀев
/[q͡χːubɬizawit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
хъублъизайичӀей
/[q͡χːubɬizajit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
хъублъизабичӀеб
/[q͡χːubɬizabit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хъублъизаричӀел
/[q͡χːubɬizarit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хъублъизавулев
/[q͡χːubɬizawulew]/
0
|
хъублъизайулей
/[q͡χːubɬizajulej]/
0
|
хъублъизабулеб
/[q͡χːubɬizabuleb]/
0
|
хъублъизарулел
/[q͡χːubɬizarulel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хъублъизавуларев
/[q͡χːubɬizawularew]/
0
|
хъублъизайуларей
/[q͡χːubɬizajularej]/
0
|
хъублъизабулареб
/[q͡χːubɬizabulareb]/
0
|
хъублъизаруларел
/[q͡χːubɬizarularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хъублъизавилев
/[q͡χːubɬizawilew]/
0
|
хъублъизайилей
/[q͡χːubɬizajilej]/
0
|
хъублъизабилеб
/[q͡χːubɬizabileb]/
0
|
хъублъизарилел
/[q͡χːubɬizarilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хъублъизавиларев
/[q͡χːubɬizawilarew]/
0
|
хъублъизайиларей
/[q͡χːubɬizajilarej]/
0
|
хъублъизабилареб
/[q͡χːubɬizabilareb]/
0
|
хъублъизариларел
/[q͡χːubɬizarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хъублъизавизехъин
/[q͡χːubɬizawizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
хъублъизайизехъин
/[q͡χːubɬizajizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
хъублъизабизехъин
/[q͡χːubɬizabizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
хъублъизаризехъин
/[q͡χːubɬizarizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хъублъизавизехъинро
/[q͡χːubɬizawizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
хъублъизайизехъинро
/[q͡χːubɬizajizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
хъублъизабизехъинро
/[q͡χːubɬizabizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
хъублъизаризехъинро
/[q͡χːubɬizarizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
хъублъизавеяв
/[q͡χːubɬizawejaw]/
0
|
хъублъизайеяй
/[q͡χːubɬizajejaj]/
0
|
хъублъизабеяб
/[q͡χːubɬizabejab]/
0
|
хъублъизареял
/[q͡χːubɬizarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хъублъизавурав
0
|
хъублъизайурай
0
|
хъублъизабураб
1
|
хъублъизарурал
0
|
| Ergative |
хъублъизавурас
0
|
хъублъизайуралъ
0
|
хъублъизабуралъ
0
|
хъублъизарураз
0
|
| Genitive |
хъублъизавурасул
0
|
хъублъизайуралъул
0
|
хъублъизабуралъул
0
|
хъублъизаруразул
0
|
| Dative |
хъублъизавурасе
0
|
хъублъизайуралъе
0
|
хъублъизабуралъе
0
|
хъублъизаруразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хъублъизавурасда
0
|
хъублъизайуралъда
0
|
хъублъизабуралъда
0
|
хъублъизаруразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хъублъизавурасде
0
|
хъублъизайуралъде
0
|
хъублъизабуралъде
0
|
хъублъизаруразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хъублъизавурасдаса
0
|
хъублъизайуралъдаса
0
|
хъублъизабуралъдаса
0
|
хъублъизарураздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хъублъизавурасдасан
0
|
хъублъизайуралъдасан
0
|
хъублъизабуралъдасан
0
|
хъублъизарураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хъублъизавурасухъ
0
|
хъублъизайуралъухъ
0
|
хъублъизабуралъухъ
0
|
хъублъизаруразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хъублъизавурасухъе
0
|
хъублъизайуралъухъе
0
|
хъублъизабуралъухъе
0
|
хъублъизаруразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хъублъизавурасухъа
0
|
хъублъизайуралъухъа
0
|
хъублъизабуралъухъа
0
|
хъублъизаруразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хъублъизавурасухъан
0
|
хъублъизайуралъухъан
0
|
хъублъизабуралъухъан
0
|
хъублъизаруразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хъублъизавурасулъ
0
|
хъублъизайуралъулъ
0
|
хъублъизабуралъулъ
0
|
хъублъизаруразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хъублъизавурасулъе
0
|
хъублъизайуралъулъе
0
|
хъублъизабуралъулъе
0
|
хъублъизаруразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хъублъизавурасулъа
0
|
хъублъизайуралъулъа
0
|
хъублъизабуралъулъа
0
|
хъублъизаруразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хъублъизавурасулъан
0
|
хъублъизайуралъулъан
0
|
хъублъизабуралъулъан
0
|
хъублъизаруразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хъублъизавурасукь
0
|
хъублъизайуралъукь
0
|
хъублъизабуралъукь
0
|
хъублъизаруразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хъублъизавурасукье
0
|
хъублъизайуралъукье
0
|
хъублъизабуралъукье
0
|
хъублъизаруразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хъублъизавурасукьа
0
|
хъублъизайуралъукьа
0
|
хъублъизабуралъукьа
0
|
хъублъизаруразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хъублъизавурасукьан
0
|
хъублъизайуралъукьан
0
|
хъублъизабуралъукьан
0
|
хъублъизаруразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хъублъизавун
/[q͡χːubɬizawun]/
0
|
хъублъизайун
/[q͡χːubɬizajun]/
0
|
хъублъизабун
/[q͡χːubɬizabun]/
🔒
1
|
хъублъизарун
/[q͡χːubɬizarun]/
🔒
1
|
| Adverbial Past |
хъублъизавун
/[q͡χːubɬizawun]/
🔒
0
|
хъублъизайун
/[q͡χːubɬizajun]/
🔒
0
|
хъублъизабун
/[q͡χːubɬizabun]/
🔒
1
|
хъублъизарун
/[q͡χːubɬizarun]/
🔒
1
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хъублъизабичӀого
/[q͡χːubɬizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
хъублъизабичӀого
/[q͡χːubɬizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
хъублъизабичӀого
/[q͡χːubɬizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
хъублъизаричӀого
/[q͡χːubɬizarit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
хъублъизавулаго
/[q͡χːubɬizawulago]/
0
|
хъублъизайулаго
/[q͡χːubɬizajulago]/
0
|
хъублъизабулаго
/[q͡χːubɬizabulago]/
0
|
хъублъизарулаго
/[q͡χːubɬizarulago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
хъублъизабуларого
/[q͡χːubɬizabularogo]/
0
|
хъублъизабуларого
/[q͡χːubɬizabularogo]/
0
|
хъублъизабуларого
/[q͡χːubɬizabularogo]/
0
|
хъублъизаруларого
/[q͡χːubɬizarularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хъублъизави
/[q͡χːubɬizawi]/
🔒
0
|
хъублъизайи
/[q͡χːubɬizaji]/
🔒
0
|
хъублъизаби
/[q͡χːubɬizabi]/
🔒
1
|
хъублъизари
/[q͡χːubɬizari]/
🔒
0
|
| Infinitive |
хъублъизавизе
/[q͡χːubɬizawize]/
0
|
хъублъизайизе
/[q͡χːubɬizajize]/
0
|
хъублъизабизе
/[q͡χːubɬizabize]/
0
|
хъублъизаризе
/[q͡χːubɬizarize]/
0
|
| Causative |
хъублъизабизабизе
[q͡χːubɬizabizabize]
0
|
|||
| Causative Negative |
хъублъизабизабуларо
[q͡χːubɬizabizabularo]
0
|
|||
| Durative |
хъублъизавиаризе
/[q͡χːubɬizawijarize]/
0
|
хъублъизайиаризе
/[q͡χːubɬizajijarize]/
0
|
хъублъизабиаризе
/[q͡χːubɬizabijarize]/
0
|
хъублъизариаризе
/[q͡χːubɬizarijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
хъублъизавиариларо
/[q͡χːubɬizawijarilaro]/
0
|
хъублъизайиариларо
/[q͡χːubɬizajijarilaro]/
0
|
хъублъизабиариларо
/[q͡χːubɬizabijarilaro]/
0
|
хъублъизариариларо
/[q͡χːubɬizarijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
хъублъизаб-хъублъизавизе
/[q͡χːubɬizab-q͡χːubɬizawize]/
0
|
хъублъизаб-хъублъизайизе
/[q͡χːubɬizab-q͡χːubɬizajize]/
0
|
хъублъизаб-хъублъизабизе
/[q͡χːubɬizab-q͡χːubɬizabize]/
0
|
хъублъизаб-хъублъизаризе
/[q͡χːubɬizab-q͡χːubɬizarize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
хъублъизаб-хъублъизавиларо
/[q͡χːubɬizab-q͡χːubɬizawilaro]/
0
|
хъублъизаб-хъублъизайиларо
/[q͡χːubɬizab-q͡χːubɬizajilaro]/
0
|
хъублъизаб-хъублъизабиларо
/[q͡χːubɬizab-q͡χːubɬizabilaro]/
0
|
хъублъизаб-хъублъизариларо
/[q͡χːubɬizab-q͡χːubɬizarilaro]/
0
|