Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
выгнать
загнать
обсадить
подзадоривать
пригнать
угнать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: gheze
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
176002
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
90
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
гъуна
[ʁuna]
🔒
51
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
гъечӀо
[ʁet͡ʃʼo]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Future Simple |
гъела
[ʁela]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
гъеларо
[ʁelaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
гъола
[ʁola]
🔒
23
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
гъоларо
[ʁolaro]
🔒
4
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
гъолаан
[ʁolajan]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
гъолароан
[ʁolarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
гъе
[ʁe]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
гъоге
[ʁoge]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Optative |
гъеги
[ʁegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
гъогеги
[ʁogegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
гъезин
[ʁezin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
гъуни
[ʁuni]
🔒
23
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
гъечӀони
[ʁet͡ʃʼoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
гъунищ
[ʁuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гъечӀищ
[ʁet͡ʃʼiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
гъолищ
[ʁoliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
гъоларищ
[ʁolariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
гъелищ
[ʁeliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
гъеларищ
[ʁelariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
гъурав
/[ʁuraw]/
🔒
14
|
гъурай
/[ʁuraj]/
🔒
2
|
гъураб
/[ʁurab]/
🔒
26
|
гъурал
/[ʁural]/
🔒
22
|
| Past Participle Negative |
гъечӀев
/[ʁet͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
гъечӀей
/[ʁet͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
гъечӀеб
/[ʁet͡ʃʼeb]/
🔒
4
|
гъечӀел
/[ʁet͡ʃʼel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle |
гъолев
/[ʁolew]/
🔒
9
|
гъолей
/[ʁolej]/
🔒
2
|
гъолеб
/[ʁoleb]/
🔒
31
|
гъолел
/[ʁolel]/
🔒
18
|
| Present Participle Negative |
гъоларев
/[ʁolarew]/
🔒
3
|
гъоларей
/[ʁolarej]/
0
|
гъолареб
/[ʁolareb]/
🔒
10
|
гъоларел
/[ʁolarel]/
🔒
6
|
| Future Participle |
гъелев
/[ʁelew]/
🔒
1
|
гъелей
/[ʁelej]/
0
|
гъелеб
/[ʁeleb]/
0
|
гъелел
/[ʁelel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle Negative |
гъеларев
/[ʁelarew]/
0
|
гъеларей
/[ʁelarej]/
0
|
гъелареб
/[ʁelareb]/
0
|
гъеларел
/[ʁelarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
гъезехъин
[ʁezeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
гъезехъинро
[ʁezeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
гъеяв
/[ʁejaw]/
0
|
гъеяй
/[ʁejaj]/
0
|
гъеяб
/[ʁejab]/
0
|
гъеял
/[ʁejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
гъурав
14
|
гъурай
2
|
гъураб
26
|
гъурал
22
|
| Ergative |
гъурас
2
|
гъуралъ
0
|
гъуралъ
0
|
гъураз
0
|
| Genitive |
гъурасул
0
|
гъуралъул
0
|
гъуралъул
0
|
гъуразул
0
|
| Dative |
гъурасе
0
|
гъуралъе
0
|
гъуралъе
0
|
гъуразе
1
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
гъурасда
0
|
гъуралъда
0
|
гъуралъда
0
|
гъуразда
2
|
| Allative (-де) |
гъурасде
0
|
гъуралъде
0
|
гъуралъде
0
|
гъуразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
гъурасдаса
0
|
гъуралъдаса
0
|
гъуралъдаса
0
|
гъураздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
гъурасдасан
0
|
гъуралъдасан
0
|
гъуралъдасан
0
|
гъураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
гъурасухъ
0
|
гъуралъухъ
0
|
гъуралъухъ
0
|
гъуразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
гъурасухъе
0
|
гъуралъухъе
0
|
гъуралъухъе
0
|
гъуразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
гъурасухъа
0
|
гъуралъухъа
0
|
гъуралъухъа
0
|
гъуразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
гъурасухъан
0
|
гъуралъухъан
0
|
гъуралъухъан
0
|
гъуразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
гъурасулъ
0
|
гъуралъулъ
0
|
гъуралъулъ
0
|
гъуразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
гъурасулъе
0
|
гъуралъулъе
0
|
гъуралъулъе
0
|
гъуразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
гъурасулъа
0
|
гъуралъулъа
0
|
гъуралъулъа
0
|
гъуразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
гъурасулъан
0
|
гъуралъулъан
0
|
гъуралъулъан
0
|
гъуразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
гъурасукь
0
|
гъуралъукь
0
|
гъуралъукь
0
|
гъуразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
гъурасукье
0
|
гъуралъукье
0
|
гъуралъукье
0
|
гъуразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
гъурасукьа
0
|
гъуралъукьа
0
|
гъуралъукьа
0
|
гъуразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
гъурасукьан
0
|
гъуралъукьан
0
|
гъуралъукьан
0
|
гъуразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
гъон
[ʁon]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
гъун
[ʁun]
🔒
137
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
гъечӀого
[ʁet͡ʃʼogo]
🔒
15
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
гъолаго
[ʁolago]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
гъоларого
[ʁolarogo]
🔒
5
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
гъей
[ʁej]
🔒
18
|
|||
| Infinitive |
гъезе
[ʁeze]
🔒
90
|
|||
| Causative |
гъезавизе
/[ʁezawize]/
🔒
0
|
гъезайизе
/[ʁezajize]/
🔒
0
|
гъезабизе
/[ʁezabize]/
🔒
6
|
гъезаризе
/[ʁezarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
гъезавуларо
/[ʁezawularo]/
0
|
гъезайуларо
/[ʁezajularo]/
0
|
гъезабуларо
/[ʁezabularo]/
0
|
гъезаруларо
/[ʁezarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
гъедаризе
[ʁedarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
гъедариларо
[ʁedarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
гъе-гъезе
[ʁe-ʁeze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
гъе-гъеларо
[ʁe-ʁelaro]
0
|
|||