Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
выполоть
пробрать
продёргать
прополоть
проредить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ch'araze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
176573
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
23
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
чӀарана
[t͡ʃˀarana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
чӀарачӀо
[t͡ʃˀarat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
чӀарала
[t͡ʃˀarala]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
чӀараларо
[t͡ʃˀaralaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
чӀарала
[t͡ʃˀarala]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
чӀараларо
[t͡ʃˀaralaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
чӀаралаан
[t͡ʃʼaralajan]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
чӀаралароан
[t͡ʃʼaralarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
чӀара
[t͡ʃˀara]
🔒
75
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
чӀараге
[t͡ʃˀarage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
чӀараги
[t͡ʃˀaragi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
чӀарагеги
[t͡ʃˀaragegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
чӀаразин
[t͡ʃˀarazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
чӀарани
[t͡ʃˀarani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
чӀарачӀони
[t͡ʃˀarat͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀаранищ
[t͡ʃˀaraniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀарачӀищ
[t͡ʃˀarat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀаралищ
[t͡ʃˀaraliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀараларищ
[t͡ʃˀaralariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
чӀаралищ
[t͡ʃˀaraliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
чӀараларищ
[t͡ʃˀaralariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
чӀарарав
/[t͡ʃˀararaw]/
0
|
чӀарарай
/[t͡ʃˀararaj]/
0
|
чӀарараб
/[t͡ʃˀararab]/
0
|
чӀарарал
/[t͡ʃˀararal]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
чӀарачӀев
/[t͡ʃˀarat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
чӀарачӀей
/[t͡ʃˀarat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
чӀарачӀеб
/[t͡ʃˀarat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
чӀарачӀел
/[t͡ʃˀarat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
чӀаралев
/[t͡ʃˀaralew]/
🔒
0
|
чӀаралей
/[t͡ʃˀaralej]/
🔒
0
|
чӀаралеб
/[t͡ʃˀaraleb]/
🔒
1
|
чӀаралел
/[t͡ʃˀaralel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle Negative |
чӀараларев
/[t͡ʃˀaralarew]/
0
|
чӀараларей
/[t͡ʃˀaralarej]/
0
|
чӀаралареб
/[t͡ʃˀaralareb]/
0
|
чӀараларел
/[t͡ʃˀaralarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
чӀаралев
/[t͡ʃˀaralew]/
🔒
0
|
чӀаралей
/[t͡ʃˀaralej]/
🔒
0
|
чӀаралеб
/[t͡ʃˀaraleb]/
🔒
1
|
чӀаралел
/[t͡ʃˀaralel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle Negative |
чӀараларев
/[t͡ʃˀaralarew]/
0
|
чӀараларей
/[t͡ʃˀaralarej]/
0
|
чӀаралареб
/[t͡ʃˀaralareb]/
0
|
чӀараларел
/[t͡ʃˀaralarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
чӀаразехъин
[t͡ʃˀarazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
чӀаразехъинро
[t͡ʃˀarazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
чӀараяв
/[t͡ʃˀarajaw]/
0
|
чӀараяй
/[t͡ʃˀarajaj]/
0
|
чӀараяб
/[t͡ʃˀarajab]/
0
|
чӀараял
/[t͡ʃʼarajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
чӀарарав
0
|
чӀарарай
0
|
чӀарараб
0
|
чӀарарал
1
|
| Ergative |
чӀарарас
0
|
чӀараралъ
0
|
чӀараралъ
0
|
чӀарараз
0
|
| Genitive |
чӀарарасул
0
|
чӀараралъул
0
|
чӀараралъул
0
|
чӀараразул
0
|
| Dative |
чӀарарасе
0
|
чӀараралъе
0
|
чӀараралъе
0
|
чӀараразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
чӀарарасда
0
|
чӀараралъда
0
|
чӀараралъда
0
|
чӀараразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
чӀарарасде
0
|
чӀараралъде
0
|
чӀараралъде
0
|
чӀараразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
чӀарарасдаса
0
|
чӀараралъдаса
0
|
чӀараралъдаса
0
|
чӀарараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
чӀарарасдасан
0
|
чӀараралъдасан
0
|
чӀараралъдасан
0
|
чӀарараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
чӀарарасухъ
0
|
чӀараралъухъ
0
|
чӀараралъухъ
0
|
чӀараразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
чӀарарасухъе
0
|
чӀараралъухъе
0
|
чӀараралъухъе
0
|
чӀараразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
чӀарарасухъа
0
|
чӀараралъухъа
0
|
чӀараралъухъа
0
|
чӀараразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
чӀарарасухъан
0
|
чӀараралъухъан
0
|
чӀараралъухъан
0
|
чӀараразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
чӀарарасулъ
0
|
чӀараралъулъ
0
|
чӀараралъулъ
0
|
чӀараразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
чӀарарасулъе
0
|
чӀараралъулъе
0
|
чӀараралъулъе
0
|
чӀараразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
чӀарарасулъа
0
|
чӀараралъулъа
0
|
чӀараралъулъа
0
|
чӀараразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
чӀарарасулъан
0
|
чӀараралъулъан
0
|
чӀараралъулъан
0
|
чӀараразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
чӀарарасукь
0
|
чӀараралъукь
0
|
чӀараралъукь
0
|
чӀараразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
чӀарарасукье
0
|
чӀараралъукье
0
|
чӀараралъукье
0
|
чӀараразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
чӀарарасукьа
0
|
чӀараралъукьа
0
|
чӀараралъукьа
0
|
чӀараразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
чӀарарасукьан
0
|
чӀараралъукьан
0
|
чӀараралъукьан
0
|
чӀараразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
чӀаран
[t͡ʃʼaran]
🔒
10
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
чӀаран
[t͡ʃˀaran]
🔒
10
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
чӀарачӀого
[t͡ʃˀarat͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
чӀаралаго
[t͡ʃˀaralago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
чӀараларого
[t͡ʃˀaralarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
чӀарай
[t͡ʃˀaraj]
🔒
40
|
|||
| Infinitive |
чӀаразе
[t͡ʃˀaraze]
🔒
23
|
|||
| Causative |
чӀаразавизе
/[t͡ʃʼarazawize]/
0
|
чӀаразайизе
/[t͡ʃʼarazajize]/
0
|
чӀаразабизе
/[t͡ʃˀarazabize]/
0
|
чӀаразаризе
/[t͡ʃʼarazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
чӀаразавуларо
/[t͡ʃʼarazawularo]/
0
|
чӀаразайуларо
/[t͡ʃʼarazajularo]/
0
|
чӀаразабуларо
/[t͡ʃˀarazabularo]/
0
|
чӀаразаруларо
/[t͡ʃʼarazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
чӀарааризе
[t͡ʃˀarajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
чӀараариларо
[t͡ʃˀarajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
чӀара-чӀаразе
[t͡ʃˀara-t͡ʃˀaraze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
чӀара-чӀараларо
[t͡ʃˀara-t͡ʃˀaralaro]
0
|
|||