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📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
VC.CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: erkenlhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
176761
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
11
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ʔerkʰenɬulew wugo]/ |
/[ʔerkʰenɬulej jigo]/ |
/[ʔerkʰenɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[ʔerkʰenɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ʔerkʰenɬulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʔerkʰenɬulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʔerkʰenɬuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ʔerkʰenɬulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
эркенлъана
[ʔerkʰenɬana]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
эркенлъичӀо
[ʔerkʰenɬit͡ʃˀo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple |
эркенлъила
[ʔerkʰenɬila]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
эркенлъиларо
[ʔerkʰenɬilaro]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Constative |
эркенлъула
[ʔerkʰenɬula]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
эркенлъуларо
[ʔerkʰenɬularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
эркенлъулаан
[ʔerkʰenɬulaan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
эркенлъулароан
[ʔerkʰenɬularoan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
эркенлъе
[ʔerkʰenɬe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
эркенлъуге
[ʔerkʰenɬuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
эркенлъеги
[ʔerkʰenɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
эркенлъугеги
[ʔerkʰenɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
эркенлъизин
[ʔerkʰenɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
эркенлъани
[ʔerkʰenɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
эркенлъичӀони
[ʔerkʰenɬit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
эркенлъанищ
[ʔerkʰenɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
эркенлъичӀищ
[ʔerkʰenɬit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
эркенлъулищ
[ʔerkʰenɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
эркенлъуларищ
[ʔerkʰenɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
эркенлъилищ
[ʔerkʰenɬiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
эркенлъиларищ
[ʔerkʰenɬilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
эркенлъарав
/[ʔerkʰenɬaraw]/
🔒
0
|
эркенлъарай
/[ʔerkʰenɬaraj]/
🔒
0
|
эркенлъараб
/[ʔerkʰenɬarab]/
🔒
1
|
эркенлъарал
/[ʔerkʰenɬaral]/
🔒
4
|
| Past Participle Negative |
эркенлъичӀев
/[ʔerkʰenɬit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
эркенлъичӀей
/[ʔerkʰenɬit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
эркенлъичӀеб
/[ʔerkʰenɬit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
эркенлъичӀел
/[ʔerkʰenɬit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
эркенлъулев
/[ʔerkʰenɬulew]/
🔒
0
|
эркенлъулей
/[ʔerkʰenɬulej]/
🔒
0
|
эркенлъулеб
/[ʔerkʰenɬuleb]/
🔒
1
|
эркенлъулел
/[ʔerkʰenɬulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
эркенлъуларев
/[ʔerkʰenɬularew]/
0
|
эркенлъуларей
/[ʔerkʰenɬularej]/
0
|
эркенлъулареб
/[ʔerkʰenɬulareb]/
0
|
эркенлъуларел
/[ʔerkʰenɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
эркенлъилев
/[ʔerkʰenɬilew]/
0
|
эркенлъилей
/[ʔerkʰenɬilej]/
0
|
эркенлъилеб
/[ʔerkʰenɬileb]/
0
|
эркенлъилел
/[ʔerkʰenɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
эркенлъиларев
/[ʔerkʰenɬilarew]/
0
|
эркенлъиларей
/[ʔerkʰenɬilarej]/
0
|
эркенлъилареб
/[ʔerkʰenɬilareb]/
0
|
эркенлъиларел
/[ʔerkʰenɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
эркенлъизехъин
[ʔerkʰenɬizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
эркенлъизехъинро
[ʔerkʰenɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
эркенлъеяв
/[ʔerkʰenɬejaw]/
0
|
эркенлъеяй
/[ʔerkʰenɬejaj]/
0
|
эркенлъеяб
/[ʔerkʰenɬejab]/
0
|
эркенлъеял
/[ʔerkʰenɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
эркенлъарав
0
|
эркенлъарай
0
|
эркенлъараб
1
|
эркенлъарал
4
|
| Ergative |
эркенлъарас
0
|
эркенлъаралъ
0
|
эркенлъаралъ
0
|
эркенлъараз
1
|
| Genitive |
эркенлъарасул
0
|
эркенлъаралъул
0
|
эркенлъаралъул
0
|
эркенлъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
эркенлъарасе
0
|
эркенлъаралъе
0
|
эркенлъаралъе
0
|
эркенлъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
эркенлъарасда
0
|
эркенлъаралъда
0
|
эркенлъаралъда
0
|
эркенлъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
эркенлъарасде
0
|
эркенлъаралъде
0
|
эркенлъаралъде
0
|
эркенлъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
эркенлъарасдаса
0
|
эркенлъаралъдаса
0
|
эркенлъаралъдаса
0
|
эркенлъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
эркенлъарасдасан
0
|
эркенлъаралъдасан
0
|
эркенлъаралъдасан
0
|
эркенлъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
эркенлъарасухъ
0
|
эркенлъаралъухъ
0
|
эркенлъаралъухъ
0
|
эркенлъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
эркенлъарасухъе
0
|
эркенлъаралъухъе
0
|
эркенлъаралъухъе
0
|
эркенлъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
эркенлъарасухъа
0
|
эркенлъаралъухъа
0
|
эркенлъаралъухъа
0
|
эркенлъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
эркенлъарасухъан
0
|
эркенлъаралъухъан
0
|
эркенлъаралъухъан
0
|
эркенлъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
эркенлъарасулъ
0
|
эркенлъаралъулъ
0
|
эркенлъаралъулъ
0
|
эркенлъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
эркенлъарасулъе
0
|
эркенлъаралъулъе
0
|
эркенлъаралъулъе
0
|
эркенлъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
эркенлъарасулъа
0
|
эркенлъаралъулъа
0
|
эркенлъаралъулъа
0
|
эркенлъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
эркенлъарасулъан
0
|
эркенлъаралъулъан
0
|
эркенлъаралъулъан
0
|
эркенлъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
эркенлъарасукь
0
|
эркенлъаралъукь
0
|
эркенлъаралъукь
0
|
эркенлъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
эркенлъарасукье
0
|
эркенлъаралъукье
0
|
эркенлъаралъукье
0
|
эркенлъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
эркенлъарасукьа
0
|
эркенлъаралъукьа
0
|
эркенлъаралъукьа
0
|
эркенлъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
эркенлъарасукьан
0
|
эркенлъаралъукьан
0
|
эркенлъаралъукьан
0
|
эркенлъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
эркенлъун
[ʔerkʰenɬun]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
эркенлъун
[ʔerkʰenɬun]
🔒
6
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
эркенлъичӀого
[ʔerkʰenɬit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
эркенлъулаго
[ʔerkʰenɬulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
эркенлъуларого
[ʔerkʰenɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
эркенлъи
[ʔerkʰenɬi]
🔒
1092
|
|||
| Infinitive |
эркенлъизе
[ʔerkʰenɬize]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Causative |
эркенлъизавизе
/[ʔerkʰenɬizawize]/
0
|
эркенлъизайизе
/[ʔerkʰenɬizajize]/
0
|
эркенлъизабизе
/[ʔerkʰenɬizabize]/
0
|
эркенлъизаризе
/[ʔerkʰenɬizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
эркенлъизавуларо
/[ʔerkʰenɬizawularo]/
0
|
эркенлъизайуларо
/[ʔerkʰenɬizajularo]/
0
|
эркенлъизабуларо
/[ʔerkʰenɬizabularo]/
0
|
эркенлъизаруларо
/[ʔerkʰenɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
эркенлъиаризе
[ʔerkʰenɬiarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
эркенлъиариларо
[ʔerkʰenɬiarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
эркенлъ-эркенлъизе
[ʔerkʰenɬ-erkʰenɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
эркенлъ-эркенлъиларо
[ʔerkʰenɬ-erkʰenɬilaro]
0
|
|||