Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
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отсосать
поглотить
промокнуть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV
Syllables: 2
ASCII: ts'uze
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
176864
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
5
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
цӀана
[t͡sˀana]
🔒
99
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀучӀо
[t͡sˀut͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀула
[t͡sˀula]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀуларо
[t͡sˀularo]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀула
[t͡sˀula]
🔒
7
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀуларо
[t͡sˀularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀулаан
[t͡sʼulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀулароан
[t͡sʼularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
—
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀуге
[t͡sˀuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀугеги
[t͡sˀugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀузин
[t͡sˀuzin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
—
0
|
|||
| Conditional |
цӀани
[t͡sˀani]
🔒
51
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀучӀони
[t͡sˀut͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀанищ
[t͡sˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀучӀищ
[t͡sˀut͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀулищ
[t͡sˀuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀуларищ
[t͡sˀulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀулищ
[t͡sˀuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀуларищ
[t͡sˀulariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀарав
/[t͡sˀaraw]/
🔒
15
|
цӀарай
/[t͡sˀaraj]/
🔒
4
|
цӀараб
/[t͡sˀarab]/
🔒
92
|
цӀарал
/[t͡sˀaral]/
🔒
910
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀучӀев
/[t͡sˀut͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀучӀей
/[t͡sˀut͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀучӀеб
/[t͡sˀut͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
цӀучӀел
/[t͡sˀut͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀулев
/[t͡sˀulew]/
🔒
0
|
цӀулей
/[t͡sˀulej]/
🔒
0
|
цӀулеб
/[t͡sˀuleb]/
🔒
4
|
цӀулел
/[t͡sˀulel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀуларев
/[t͡sˀularew]/
🔒
0
|
цӀуларей
/[t͡sˀularej]/
🔒
0
|
цӀулареб
/[t͡sˀulareb]/
🔒
1
|
цӀуларел
/[t͡sˀularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀулев
/[t͡sˀulew]/
🔒
0
|
цӀулей
/[t͡sˀulej]/
🔒
0
|
цӀулеб
/[t͡sˀuleb]/
🔒
4
|
цӀулел
/[t͡sˀulel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀуларев
/[t͡sˀularew]/
🔒
0
|
цӀуларей
/[t͡sˀularej]/
🔒
0
|
цӀулареб
/[t͡sˀulareb]/
🔒
1
|
цӀуларел
/[t͡sˀularel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀузехъин
[t͡sˀuzeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀузехъинро
[t͡sˀuzeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
—
0
|
|||
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀарав
15
|
цӀарай
4
|
цӀараб
92
|
цӀарал
910
|
| Ergative |
цӀарас
1
|
цӀаралъ
38
|
цӀаралъ
38
|
цӀараз
5
|
| Genitive |
цӀарасул
0
|
цӀаралъул
76
|
цӀаралъул
76
|
цӀаразул
57
|
| Dative |
цӀарасе
0
|
цӀаралъе
132
|
цӀаралъе
132
|
цӀаразе
11
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀарасда
0
|
цӀаралъда
0
|
цӀаралъда
0
|
цӀаразда
80
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀарасде
0
|
цӀаралъде
0
|
цӀаралъде
0
|
цӀаразде
2
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀарасдаса
0
|
цӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀараздаса
10
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀарасдасан
0
|
цӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀараздасан
5
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀарасухъ
0
|
цӀаралъухъ
3
|
цӀаралъухъ
3
|
цӀаразухъ
5
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀарасухъе
0
|
цӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀарасухъа
0
|
цӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀарасухъан
0
|
цӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀарасулъ
0
|
цӀаралъулъ
3
|
цӀаралъулъ
3
|
цӀаразулъ
6
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀарасулъе
0
|
цӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀарасулъа
0
|
цӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀарасулъан
0
|
цӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀарасукь
0
|
цӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀарасукье
0
|
цӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀарасукьа
0
|
цӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀарасукьан
0
|
цӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀун
[t͡sʼun]
🔒
501
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀун
[t͡sˀun]
🔒
501
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀучӀого
[t͡sˀut͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀулаго
[t͡sˀulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀуларого
[t͡sˀularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀузе
[t͡sˀuze]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀузе
[t͡sˀuze]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀузавизе
/[t͡sʼuzawize]/
0
|
цӀузайизе
/[t͡sʼuzajize]/
0
|
цӀузабизе
/[t͡sˀuzabize]/
0
|
цӀузаризе
/[t͡sʼuzarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀузавуларо
/[t͡sʼuzawularo]/
0
|
цӀузайуларо
/[t͡sʼuzajularo]/
0
|
цӀузабуларо
/[t͡sˀuzabularo]/
0
|
цӀузаруларо
/[t͡sʼuzarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀударизе
[t͡sˀudarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀудариларо
[t͡sˀudarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀу-цӀузе
[t͡sˀu-t͡sˀuze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀу-цӀуларо
[t͡sˀu-t͡sˀularo]
0
|
|||