Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
выстудиться
намёрзнуть
озябнуть
остыть
холодеть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CCV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: kvachaze
Derivation Method
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
-ай
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
176932
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
12
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
квачана
[kʰwat͡ʃana]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
квачачӀо
[kʰwat͡ʃat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
квачала
[kʰwat͡ʃala]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
квачаларо
[kʰwat͡ʃalaro]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative |
квачала
[kʰwat͡ʃala]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
квачаларо
[kʰwat͡ʃalaro]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
квачалаан
[kʰwat͡ʃalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
квачалароан
[kʰwat͡ʃalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
квача
[kʰwat͡ʃa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
квачаге
[kʰwat͡ʃage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
квачаги
[kʰwat͡ʃagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
квачагеги
[kʰwat͡ʃagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
квачазин
[kʰwat͡ʃazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
квачани
[kʰwat͡ʃani]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
квачачӀони
[kʰwat͡ʃat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
квачанищ
[kʰwat͡ʃaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
квачачӀищ
[kʰwat͡ʃat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
квачалищ
[kʰwat͡ʃaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
квачаларищ
[kʰwat͡ʃalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
квачалищ
[kʰwat͡ʃaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
квачаларищ
[kʰwat͡ʃalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
квачарав
/[kʰwat͡ʃaraw]/
🔒
2
|
квачарай
/[kʰwat͡ʃaraj]/
🔒
1
|
квачараб
/[kʰwat͡ʃarab]/
🔒
81
|
квачарал
/[kʰwat͡ʃaral]/
🔒
13
|
| Past Participle Negative |
квачачӀев
/[kʰwat͡ʃat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
квачачӀей
/[kʰwat͡ʃat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
квачачӀеб
/[kʰwat͡ʃat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
квачачӀел
/[kʰwat͡ʃat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
квачалев
/[kʰwat͡ʃalew]/
🔒
3
|
квачалей
/[kʰwat͡ʃalej]/
🔒
0
|
квачалеб
/[kʰwat͡ʃaleb]/
🔒
1
|
квачалел
/[kʰwat͡ʃalel]/
🔒
5
|
| Present Participle Negative |
квачаларев
/[kʰwat͡ʃalarew]/
0
|
квачаларей
/[kʰwat͡ʃalarej]/
0
|
квачалареб
/[kʰwat͡ʃalareb]/
0
|
квачаларел
/[kʰwat͡ʃalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
квачалев
/[kʰwat͡ʃalew]/
🔒
3
|
квачалей
/[kʰwat͡ʃalej]/
🔒
0
|
квачалеб
/[kʰwat͡ʃaleb]/
🔒
1
|
квачалел
/[kʰwat͡ʃalel]/
🔒
5
|
| Future Participle Negative |
квачаларев
/[kʰwat͡ʃalarew]/
0
|
квачаларей
/[kʰwat͡ʃalarej]/
0
|
квачалареб
/[kʰwat͡ʃalareb]/
0
|
квачаларел
/[kʰwat͡ʃalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
квачазехъин
[kʰwat͡ʃazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
квачазехъинро
[kʰwat͡ʃazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
квачаяв
/[kʰwat͡ʃajaw]/
0
|
квачаяй
/[kʰwat͡ʃajaj]/
0
|
квачаяб
/[kʰwat͡ʃajab]/
0
|
квачаял
/[kʰwat͡ʃajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
квачарав
2
|
квачарай
1
|
квачараб
81
|
квачарал
13
|
| Ergative |
квачарас
2
|
квачаралъ
0
|
квачаралъ
0
|
квачараз
0
|
| Genitive |
квачарасул
0
|
квачаралъул
0
|
квачаралъул
0
|
квачаразул
0
|
| Dative |
квачарасе
0
|
квачаралъе
0
|
квачаралъе
0
|
квачаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
квачарасда
0
|
квачаралъда
0
|
квачаралъда
0
|
квачаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
квачарасде
0
|
квачаралъде
0
|
квачаралъде
0
|
квачаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
квачарасдаса
0
|
квачаралъдаса
0
|
квачаралъдаса
0
|
квачараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
квачарасдасан
0
|
квачаралъдасан
0
|
квачаралъдасан
0
|
квачараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
квачарасухъ
0
|
квачаралъухъ
0
|
квачаралъухъ
0
|
квачаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
квачарасухъе
0
|
квачаралъухъе
0
|
квачаралъухъе
0
|
квачаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
квачарасухъа
0
|
квачаралъухъа
0
|
квачаралъухъа
0
|
квачаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
квачарасухъан
0
|
квачаралъухъан
0
|
квачаралъухъан
0
|
квачаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
квачарасулъ
0
|
квачаралъулъ
0
|
квачаралъулъ
0
|
квачаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
квачарасулъе
0
|
квачаралъулъе
0
|
квачаралъулъе
0
|
квачаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
квачарасулъа
0
|
квачаралъулъа
0
|
квачаралъулъа
0
|
квачаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
квачарасулъан
0
|
квачаралъулъан
0
|
квачаралъулъан
0
|
квачаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
квачарасукь
0
|
квачаралъукь
0
|
квачаралъукь
0
|
квачаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
квачарасукье
0
|
квачаралъукье
0
|
квачаралъукье
0
|
квачаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
квачарасукьа
0
|
квачаралъукьа
0
|
квачаралъукьа
0
|
квачаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
квачарасукьан
0
|
квачаралъукьан
0
|
квачаралъукьан
0
|
квачаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
квачан
[kʰwat͡ʃan]
🔒
43
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
квачан
[kʰwat͡ʃan]
🔒
43
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
квачачӀого
[kʰwat͡ʃat͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
квачалаго
[kʰwat͡ʃalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
квачаларого
[kʰwat͡ʃalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
квачай
[kʰwat͡ʃaj]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Infinitive |
квачазе
[kʰwat͡ʃaze]
🔒
12
|
|||
| Causative |
квачазавизе
/[kʰwat͡ʃazawize]/
0
|
квачазайизе
/[kʰwat͡ʃazajize]/
0
|
квачазабизе
/[kʰwat͡ʃazabize]/
0
|
квачазаризе
/[kʰwat͡ʃazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
квачазавуларо
/[kʰwat͡ʃazawularo]/
0
|
квачазайуларо
/[kʰwat͡ʃazajularo]/
0
|
квачазабуларо
/[kʰwat͡ʃazabularo]/
0
|
квачазаруларо
/[kʰwat͡ʃazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
квачааризе
[kʰwat͡ʃajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
квачаариларо
[kʰwat͡ʃajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
квача-квачазе
[kʰwat͡ʃa-kʰwat͡ʃaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
квача-квачаларо
[kʰwat͡ʃa-kʰwat͡ʃalaro]
0
|
|||