Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
вытоптать
гнести
затоптать
истоптать
намять
обмять
передавить
помять
попирать
потоптать
примять
протоптать
смять
топтать
усмирить
утоптать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: merkhine
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
176992
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
4
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
мерхьана
[merxana]
🔒
8
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
мерхьинчӀо
[merxint͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
мерхьина
[merxina]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
мерхьинаро
[merxinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
мерхьуна
[merxuna]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
мерхьунаро
[merxunaro]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
мерхьунаан
[merxunajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
мерхьунароан
[merxunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
мерхьа
[merxa]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
мерхьунге
[merxunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
мерхьаги
[merxagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
мерхьунгеги
[merxungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
мерхьинин
[merxinin]
🔒
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
мерхьани
[merxani]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
мерхьинчӀони
[merxint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
мерхьанищ
[merxaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
мерхьинчӀищ
[merxint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
мерхьунищ
[merxuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
мерхьунарищ
[merxunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
мерхьинищ
[merxiniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
мерхьинарищ
[merxinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
мерхьарав
/[merxaraw]/
🔒
1
|
мерхьарай
/[merxaraj]/
🔒
0
|
мерхьараб
/[merxarab]/
🔒
3
|
мерхьарал
/[merxaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
мерхьинчӀев
/[merxint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
мерхьинчӀей
/[merxint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
мерхьинчӀеб
/[merxint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
мерхьинчӀел
/[merxint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
мерхьунев
/[merxunew]/
🔒
7
|
мерхьуней
/[merxunej]/
🔒
0
|
мерхьунеб
/[merxuneb]/
🔒
11
|
мерхьунел
/[merxunel]/
🔒
7
|
| Present Participle Negative |
мерхьунарев
/[merxunarew]/
0
|
мерхьунарей
/[merxunarej]/
0
|
мерхьунареб
/[merxunareb]/
0
|
мерхьунарел
/[merxunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
мерхьинев
/[merxinew]/
0
|
мерхьиней
/[merxinej]/
0
|
мерхьинеб
/[merxineb]/
0
|
мерхьинел
/[merxinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
мерхьинарев
/[merxinarew]/
0
|
мерхьинарей
/[merxinarej]/
0
|
мерхьинареб
/[merxinareb]/
0
|
мерхьинарел
/[merxinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
мерхьинехъин
[merxineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
мерхьинехъинро
[merxineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
мерхьаяв
/[merxajaw]/
0
|
мерхьаяй
/[merxajaj]/
0
|
мерхьаяб
/[merxajab]/
0
|
мерхьаял
/[merxajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
мерхьарав
1
|
мерхьарай
0
|
мерхьараб
3
|
мерхьарал
1
|
| Ergative |
мерхьарас
0
|
мерхьаралъ
0
|
мерхьаралъ
0
|
мерхьараз
0
|
| Genitive |
мерхьарасул
0
|
мерхьаралъул
0
|
мерхьаралъул
0
|
мерхьаразул
0
|
| Dative |
мерхьарасе
0
|
мерхьаралъе
0
|
мерхьаралъе
0
|
мерхьаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
мерхьарасда
0
|
мерхьаралъда
0
|
мерхьаралъда
0
|
мерхьаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
мерхьарасде
0
|
мерхьаралъде
0
|
мерхьаралъде
0
|
мерхьаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
мерхьарасдаса
0
|
мерхьаралъдаса
0
|
мерхьаралъдаса
0
|
мерхьараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
мерхьарасдасан
0
|
мерхьаралъдасан
0
|
мерхьаралъдасан
0
|
мерхьараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
мерхьарасухъ
0
|
мерхьаралъухъ
0
|
мерхьаралъухъ
0
|
мерхьаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
мерхьарасухъе
0
|
мерхьаралъухъе
0
|
мерхьаралъухъе
0
|
мерхьаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
мерхьарасухъа
0
|
мерхьаралъухъа
0
|
мерхьаралъухъа
0
|
мерхьаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
мерхьарасухъан
0
|
мерхьаралъухъан
0
|
мерхьаралъухъан
0
|
мерхьаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
мерхьарасулъ
0
|
мерхьаралъулъ
0
|
мерхьаралъулъ
0
|
мерхьаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
мерхьарасулъе
0
|
мерхьаралъулъе
0
|
мерхьаралъулъе
0
|
мерхьаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
мерхьарасулъа
0
|
мерхьаралъулъа
0
|
мерхьаралъулъа
0
|
мерхьаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
мерхьарасулъан
0
|
мерхьаралъулъан
0
|
мерхьаралъулъан
0
|
мерхьаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
мерхьарасукь
0
|
мерхьаралъукь
0
|
мерхьаралъукь
0
|
мерхьаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
мерхьарасукье
0
|
мерхьаралъукье
0
|
мерхьаралъукье
0
|
мерхьаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
мерхьарасукьа
0
|
мерхьаралъукьа
0
|
мерхьаралъукьа
0
|
мерхьаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
мерхьарасукьан
0
|
мерхьаралъукьан
0
|
мерхьаралъукьан
0
|
мерхьаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
мерхьун
[merxun]
🔒
38
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
мерхьун
[merxun]
🔒
38
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
мерхьинчӀого
[merxint͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
мерхьунаго
[merxunago]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
мерхьунарого
[merxunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
мерхьин
[merxin]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Infinitive |
мерхьине
[merxine]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Causative |
мерхьинавизе
/[merxinawize]/
🔒
0
|
мерхьинайизе
/[merxinajize]/
0
|
мерхьинабизе
/[merxinabize]/
🔒
0
|
мерхьинаризе
/[merxinarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative Negative |
мерхьинавуларо
/[merxinawularo]/
0
|
мерхьинайуларо
/[merxinajularo]/
0
|
мерхьинабуларо
/[merxinabularo]/
0
|
мерхьинаруларо
/[merxinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
мерхьанхъизе
[merxanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
мерхьанхъиларо
[merxanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
мерхь-мерхьине
[merx-merxine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
мерхь-мерхьинаро
[merx-merxinaro]
0
|
|||