Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
вытравить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: kʼochenabize
Transitivity
Transitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
176998
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
4
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[kʼot͡ʃenawulew wugo]/ |
/[kʼot͡ʃenajulej jigo]/ |
/[kˀot͡ʃenabuleb bugo]/ |
/[kʼot͡ʃenarulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[kʼot͡ʃenawulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[kʼot͡ʃenajulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[kˀot͡ʃenabuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[kʼot͡ʃenarulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
кӀоченавуна
/[kʼot͡ʃenawuna]/
🔒
1
|
кӀоченайуна
/[kʼot͡ʃenajuna]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченабуна
/[kˀot͡ʃenabuna]/
🔒
4
|
кӀоченаруна
/[kʼot͡ʃenaruna]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Simple Negative |
кӀоченавичӀо
/[kʼot͡ʃenawit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
кӀоченайичӀо
/[kʼot͡ʃenajit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
кӀоченабичӀо
/[kˀot͡ʃenabit͡ʃˀo]/
0
|
кӀоченаричӀо
/[kʼot͡ʃenarit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
кӀоченавила
/[kʼot͡ʃenawila]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченайила
/[kʼot͡ʃenajila]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченабила
/[kˀot͡ʃenabila]/
🔒
2
|
кӀоченарила
/[kʼot͡ʃenarila]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Simple Negative |
кӀоченавиларо
/[kʼot͡ʃenawilaro]/
0
|
кӀоченайиларо
/[kʼot͡ʃenajilaro]/
0
|
кӀоченабиларо
/[kˀot͡ʃenabilaro]/
0
|
кӀоченариларо
/[kʼot͡ʃenarilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
кӀоченавула
/[kʼot͡ʃenawula]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченайула
/[kʼot͡ʃenajula]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченабула
/[kˀot͡ʃenabula]/
🔒
1
|
кӀоченарула
/[kʼot͡ʃenarula]/
🔒
1
|
| Constative Negative |
кӀоченавуларо
/[kʼot͡ʃenawularo]/
0
|
кӀоченайуларо
/[kʼot͡ʃenajularo]/
0
|
кӀоченабуларо
/[kˀot͡ʃenabularo]/
0
|
кӀоченаруларо
/[kʼot͡ʃenarularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
кӀоченавулаан
/[kʼot͡ʃenawulajan]/
0
|
кӀоченайулаан
/[kʼot͡ʃenajulajan]/
0
|
кӀоченабулаан
/[kʼot͡ʃenabulajan]/
0
|
кӀоченарулаан
/[kʼot͡ʃenarulajan]/
🔒
1
|
| Remote Past Negative |
кӀоченабулароан
/[kʼot͡ʃenabularojan]/
0
|
кӀоченабулароан
/[kʼot͡ʃenabularojan]/
0
|
кӀоченабулароан
/[kʼot͡ʃenabularojan]/
0
|
кӀоченарулароан
/[kʼot͡ʃenarularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
кӀоченаве
/[kʼot͡ʃenawe]/
0
|
кӀоченайе
/[kʼot͡ʃenaje]/
0
|
кӀоченабе
/[kˀot͡ʃenabe]/
0
|
кӀоченаре
/[kʼot͡ʃenare]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
кӀоченавуге
/[kʼot͡ʃenawuge]/
0
|
кӀоченайуге
/[kʼot͡ʃenajuge]/
0
|
кӀоченабуге
/[kˀot͡ʃenabuge]/
0
|
кӀоченаруге
/[kʼot͡ʃenaruge]/
0
|
| Optative |
кӀоченабеги
/[kʼot͡ʃenawegi]/
0
|
кӀоченабеги
/[kʼot͡ʃenajegi]/
0
|
кӀоченабеги
/[kʼot͡ʃenabegi]/
0
|
кӀоченареги
/[kʼot͡ʃenaregi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
кӀоченабугеги
/[kˀot͡ʃenabugegi]/
0
|
кӀоченабугеги
/[kˀot͡ʃenabugegi]/
0
|
кӀоченабугеги
/[kˀot͡ʃenabugegi]/
0
|
кӀоченаругеги
/[kʼot͡ʃenarugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
кӀоченавизин
/[kʼot͡ʃenawizin]/
0
|
кӀоченайизин
/[kʼot͡ʃenajizin]/
0
|
кӀоченабизин
/[kˀot͡ʃenabizin]/
0
|
кӀоченаризин
/[kʼot͡ʃenarizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
кӀоченавуни
/[kʼot͡ʃenawuni]/
0
|
кӀоченайуни
/[kʼot͡ʃenajuni]/
0
|
кӀоченабуни
/[kˀot͡ʃenabuni]/
0
|
кӀоченаруни
/[kʼot͡ʃenaruni]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
кӀоченабичӀони
/[kˀot͡ʃenabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
кӀоченабичӀони
/[kˀot͡ʃenabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
кӀоченабичӀони
/[kˀot͡ʃenabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
кӀоченаричӀони
/[kʼot͡ʃenarit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
кӀоченавунищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenawuniʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченайунищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenajuniʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченабунищ
/[kˀot͡ʃenabuniʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченарунищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenaruniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀоченавичӀищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenawit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченайичӀищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenajit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченабичӀищ
/[kˀot͡ʃenabit͡ʃˀiʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченаричӀищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenarit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀоченавулищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenawuliʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченайулищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenajuliʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченабулищ
/[kˀot͡ʃenabuliʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченарулищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenaruliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀоченавуларищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenawulariʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченайуларищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenajulariʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченабуларищ
/[kˀot͡ʃenabulariʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченаруларищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenarulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
кӀоченавилищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenawiliʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченайилищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenajiliʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченабилищ
/[kˀot͡ʃenabiliʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченарилищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenariliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кӀоченавиларищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenawilariʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченайиларищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenajilariʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченабиларищ
/[kˀot͡ʃenabilariʃː]/
0
|
кӀоченариларищ
/[kʼot͡ʃenarilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
кӀоченавурав
/[kʼot͡ʃenawuraw]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченайурай
/[kʼot͡ʃenajuraj]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченабураб
/[kˀot͡ʃenaburab]/
🔒
3
|
кӀоченарурал
/[kʼot͡ʃenarural]/
🔒
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
кӀоченавичӀев
/[kʼot͡ʃenawit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
кӀоченайичӀей
/[kʼot͡ʃenajit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
кӀоченабичӀеб
/[kˀot͡ʃenabit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
кӀоченаричӀел
/[kʼot͡ʃenarit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
кӀоченавулев
/[kʼot͡ʃenawulew]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченайулей
/[kʼot͡ʃenajulej]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченабулеб
/[kˀot͡ʃenabuleb]/
🔒
4
|
кӀоченарулел
/[kʼot͡ʃenarulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
кӀоченавуларев
/[kʼot͡ʃenawularew]/
0
|
кӀоченайуларей
/[kʼot͡ʃenajularej]/
0
|
кӀоченабулареб
/[kˀot͡ʃenabulareb]/
0
|
кӀоченаруларел
/[kʼot͡ʃenarularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
кӀоченавилев
/[kʼot͡ʃenawilew]/
0
|
кӀоченайилей
/[kʼot͡ʃenajilej]/
0
|
кӀоченабилеб
/[kˀot͡ʃenabileb]/
0
|
кӀоченарилел
/[kʼot͡ʃenarilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
кӀоченавиларев
/[kʼot͡ʃenawilarew]/
0
|
кӀоченайиларей
/[kʼot͡ʃenajilarej]/
0
|
кӀоченабилареб
/[kˀot͡ʃenabilareb]/
0
|
кӀоченариларел
/[kʼot͡ʃenarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
кӀоченавизехъин
/[kʼot͡ʃenawizeq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченайизехъин
/[kʼot͡ʃenajizeq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченабизехъин
/[kˀot͡ʃenabizeq͡χːin]/
🔒
1
|
кӀоченаризехъин
/[kʼot͡ʃenarizeq͡χːin]/
🔒
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
кӀоченавизехъинро
/[kʼot͡ʃenawizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
кӀоченайизехъинро
/[kʼot͡ʃenajizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
кӀоченабизехъинро
/[kˀot͡ʃenabizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
кӀоченаризехъинро
/[kʼot͡ʃenarizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
кӀоченавеяв
/[kʼot͡ʃenawejaw]/
0
|
кӀоченайеяй
/[kʼot͡ʃenajejaj]/
0
|
кӀоченабеяб
/[kˀot͡ʃenabejab]/
0
|
кӀоченареял
/[kʼot͡ʃenarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
кӀоченавурав
0
|
кӀоченайурай
0
|
кӀоченабураб
3
|
кӀоченарурал
0
|
| Ergative |
кӀоченавурас
0
|
кӀоченайуралъ
0
|
кӀоченабуралъ
0
|
кӀоченарураз
0
|
| Genitive |
кӀоченавурасул
0
|
кӀоченайуралъул
0
|
кӀоченабуралъул
0
|
кӀоченаруразул
0
|
| Dative |
кӀоченавурасе
0
|
кӀоченайуралъе
0
|
кӀоченабуралъе
0
|
кӀоченаруразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
кӀоченавурасда
0
|
кӀоченайуралъда
0
|
кӀоченабуралъда
0
|
кӀоченаруразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
кӀоченавурасде
0
|
кӀоченайуралъде
0
|
кӀоченабуралъде
0
|
кӀоченаруразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
кӀоченавурасдаса
0
|
кӀоченайуралъдаса
0
|
кӀоченабуралъдаса
0
|
кӀоченарураздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
кӀоченавурасдасан
0
|
кӀоченайуралъдасан
0
|
кӀоченабуралъдасан
0
|
кӀоченарураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
кӀоченавурасухъ
0
|
кӀоченайуралъухъ
0
|
кӀоченабуралъухъ
0
|
кӀоченаруразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
кӀоченавурасухъе
0
|
кӀоченайуралъухъе
0
|
кӀоченабуралъухъе
0
|
кӀоченаруразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
кӀоченавурасухъа
0
|
кӀоченайуралъухъа
0
|
кӀоченабуралъухъа
0
|
кӀоченаруразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
кӀоченавурасухъан
0
|
кӀоченайуралъухъан
0
|
кӀоченабуралъухъан
0
|
кӀоченаруразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
кӀоченавурасулъ
0
|
кӀоченайуралъулъ
0
|
кӀоченабуралъулъ
0
|
кӀоченаруразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
кӀоченавурасулъе
0
|
кӀоченайуралъулъе
0
|
кӀоченабуралъулъе
0
|
кӀоченаруразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
кӀоченавурасулъа
0
|
кӀоченайуралъулъа
0
|
кӀоченабуралъулъа
0
|
кӀоченаруразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
кӀоченавурасулъан
0
|
кӀоченайуралъулъан
0
|
кӀоченабуралъулъан
0
|
кӀоченаруразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
кӀоченавурасукь
0
|
кӀоченайуралъукь
0
|
кӀоченабуралъукь
0
|
кӀоченаруразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
кӀоченавурасукье
0
|
кӀоченайуралъукье
0
|
кӀоченабуралъукье
0
|
кӀоченаруразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
кӀоченавурасукьа
0
|
кӀоченайуралъукьа
0
|
кӀоченабуралъукьа
0
|
кӀоченаруразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
кӀоченавурасукьан
0
|
кӀоченайуралъукьан
0
|
кӀоченабуралъукьан
0
|
кӀоченаруразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
кӀоченавун
/[kʼot͡ʃenawun]/
0
|
кӀоченайун
/[kʼot͡ʃenajun]/
0
|
кӀоченабун
/[kʼot͡ʃenabun]/
🔒
1
|
кӀоченарун
/[kʼot͡ʃenarun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past |
кӀоченавун
/[kʼot͡ʃenawun]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченайун
/[kʼot͡ʃenajun]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченабун
/[kˀot͡ʃenabun]/
🔒
1
|
кӀоченарун
/[kʼot͡ʃenarun]/
🔒
0
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
кӀоченабичӀого
/[kˀot͡ʃenabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
кӀоченабичӀого
/[kˀot͡ʃenabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
кӀоченабичӀого
/[kˀot͡ʃenabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
кӀоченаричӀого
/[kʼot͡ʃenarit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
кӀоченавулаго
/[kʼot͡ʃenawulago]/
0
|
кӀоченайулаго
/[kʼot͡ʃenajulago]/
0
|
кӀоченабулаго
/[kˀot͡ʃenabulago]/
0
|
кӀоченарулаго
/[kʼot͡ʃenarulago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
кӀоченабуларого
/[kˀot͡ʃenabularogo]/
0
|
кӀоченабуларого
/[kˀot͡ʃenabularogo]/
0
|
кӀоченабуларого
/[kˀot͡ʃenabularogo]/
0
|
кӀоченаруларого
/[kʼot͡ʃenarularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
кӀоченави
/[kʼot͡ʃenawi]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченайи
/[kʼot͡ʃenaji]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченаби
/[kˀot͡ʃenabi]/
🔒
1
|
кӀоченари
/[kʼot͡ʃenari]/
🔒
0
|
| Infinitive |
кӀоченавизе
/[kʼot͡ʃenawize]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченайизе
/[kʼot͡ʃenajize]/
🔒
0
|
кӀоченабизе
/[kˀot͡ʃenabize]/
🔒
4
|
кӀоченаризе
/[kʼot͡ʃenarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative |
кӀоченабизабизе
[kˀot͡ʃenabizabize]
0
|
|||
| Causative Negative |
кӀоченабизабуларо
[kˀot͡ʃenabizabularo]
0
|
|||
| Durative |
кӀоченавиаризе
/[kʼot͡ʃenawijarize]/
0
|
кӀоченайиаризе
/[kʼot͡ʃenajijarize]/
0
|
кӀоченабиаризе
/[kˀot͡ʃenabijarize]/
0
|
кӀоченариаризе
/[kʼot͡ʃenarijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
кӀоченавиариларо
/[kʼot͡ʃenawijarilaro]/
0
|
кӀоченайиариларо
/[kʼot͡ʃenajijarilaro]/
0
|
кӀоченабиариларо
/[kˀot͡ʃenabijarilaro]/
0
|
кӀоченариариларо
/[kʼot͡ʃenarijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
кӀоченаб-кӀоченавизе
/[kʼot͡ʃenab-kʼot͡ʃenawize]/
0
|
кӀоченаб-кӀоченайизе
/[kʼot͡ʃenab-kʼot͡ʃenajize]/
0
|
кӀоченаб-кӀоченабизе
/[kˀot͡ʃenab-kˀot͡ʃenabize]/
0
|
кӀоченаб-кӀоченаризе
/[kʼot͡ʃenab-kʼot͡ʃenarize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
кӀоченаб-кӀоченавиларо
/[kʼot͡ʃenab-kʼot͡ʃenawilaro]/
0
|
кӀоченаб-кӀоченайиларо
/[kʼot͡ʃenab-kʼot͡ʃenajilaro]/
0
|
кӀоченаб-кӀоченабиларо
/[kˀot͡ʃenab-kˀot͡ʃenabilaro]/
0
|
кӀоченаб-кӀоченариларо
/[kʼot͡ʃenab-kʼot͡ʃenarilaro]/
0
|