Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
выцарапать
глодать
исцарапать
нацарапать
оцарапать
царапать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: qarsize
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
177065
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
5
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
хъарсана
[q͡χːarsana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хъарсичӀо
[q͡χːarsit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хъарсила
[q͡χːarsila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хъарсиларо
[q͡χːarsilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хъарсула
[q͡χːarsula]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хъарсуларо
[q͡χːarsularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хъарсулаан
[q͡χːarsulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хъарсулароан
[q͡χːarsularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хъарсе
[q͡χːarse]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хъарсуге
[q͡χːarsuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хъарсеги
[q͡χːarsegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хъарсугеги
[q͡χːarsugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хъарсизин
[q͡χːarsizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хъарсани
[q͡χːarsani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хъарсичӀони
[q͡χːarsit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъарсанищ
[q͡χːarsaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъарсичӀищ
[q͡χːarsit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хъарсулищ
[q͡χːarsuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъарсуларищ
[q͡χːarsulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хъарсилищ
[q͡χːarsiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хъарсиларищ
[q͡χːarsilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хъарсарав
/[q͡χːarsaraw]/
🔒
0
|
хъарсарай
/[q͡χːarsaraj]/
🔒
0
|
хъарсараб
/[q͡χːarsarab]/
🔒
3
|
хъарсарал
/[q͡χːarsaral]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хъарсичӀев
/[q͡χːarsit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
хъарсичӀей
/[q͡χːarsit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
хъарсичӀеб
/[q͡χːarsit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
хъарсичӀел
/[q͡χːarsit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
хъарсулев
/[q͡χːarsulew]/
🔒
2
|
хъарсулей
/[q͡χːarsulej]/
🔒
0
|
хъарсулеб
/[q͡χːarsuleb]/
🔒
2
|
хъарсулел
/[q͡χːarsulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хъарсуларев
/[q͡χːarsularew]/
0
|
хъарсуларей
/[q͡χːarsularej]/
0
|
хъарсулареб
/[q͡χːarsulareb]/
0
|
хъарсуларел
/[q͡χːarsularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хъарсилев
/[q͡χːarsilew]/
0
|
хъарсилей
/[q͡χːarsilej]/
0
|
хъарсилеб
/[q͡χːarsileb]/
0
|
хъарсилел
/[q͡χːarsilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хъарсиларев
/[q͡χːarsilarew]/
0
|
хъарсиларей
/[q͡χːarsilarej]/
0
|
хъарсилареб
/[q͡χːarsilareb]/
0
|
хъарсиларел
/[q͡χːarsilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хъарсизехъин
[q͡χːarsizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хъарсизехъинро
[q͡χːarsizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хъарсеяв
/[q͡χːarsejaw]/
0
|
хъарсеяй
/[q͡χːarsejaj]/
0
|
хъарсеяб
/[q͡χːarsejab]/
0
|
хъарсеял
/[q͡χːarsejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хъарсарав
0
|
хъарсарай
0
|
хъарсараб
3
|
хъарсарал
1
|
| Ergative |
хъарсарас
0
|
хъарсаралъ
0
|
хъарсаралъ
0
|
хъарсараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хъарсарасул
0
|
хъарсаралъул
0
|
хъарсаралъул
0
|
хъарсаразул
0
|
| Dative |
хъарсарасе
0
|
хъарсаралъе
0
|
хъарсаралъе
0
|
хъарсаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хъарсарасда
0
|
хъарсаралъда
0
|
хъарсаралъда
0
|
хъарсаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хъарсарасде
0
|
хъарсаралъде
0
|
хъарсаралъде
0
|
хъарсаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хъарсарасдаса
0
|
хъарсаралъдаса
0
|
хъарсаралъдаса
0
|
хъарсараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хъарсарасдасан
0
|
хъарсаралъдасан
0
|
хъарсаралъдасан
0
|
хъарсараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хъарсарасухъ
0
|
хъарсаралъухъ
0
|
хъарсаралъухъ
0
|
хъарсаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хъарсарасухъе
0
|
хъарсаралъухъе
0
|
хъарсаралъухъе
0
|
хъарсаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хъарсарасухъа
0
|
хъарсаралъухъа
0
|
хъарсаралъухъа
0
|
хъарсаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хъарсарасухъан
0
|
хъарсаралъухъан
0
|
хъарсаралъухъан
0
|
хъарсаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хъарсарасулъ
0
|
хъарсаралъулъ
0
|
хъарсаралъулъ
0
|
хъарсаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хъарсарасулъе
0
|
хъарсаралъулъе
0
|
хъарсаралъулъе
0
|
хъарсаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хъарсарасулъа
0
|
хъарсаралъулъа
0
|
хъарсаралъулъа
0
|
хъарсаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хъарсарасулъан
0
|
хъарсаралъулъан
0
|
хъарсаралъулъан
0
|
хъарсаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хъарсарасукь
0
|
хъарсаралъукь
0
|
хъарсаралъукь
0
|
хъарсаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хъарсарасукье
0
|
хъарсаралъукье
0
|
хъарсаралъукье
0
|
хъарсаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хъарсарасукьа
0
|
хъарсаралъукьа
0
|
хъарсаралъукьа
0
|
хъарсаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хъарсарасукьан
0
|
хъарсаралъукьан
0
|
хъарсаралъукьан
0
|
хъарсаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хъарсун
[q͡χːarsun]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хъарсун
[q͡χːarsun]
🔒
9
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хъарсичӀого
[q͡χːarsit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хъарсулаго
[q͡χːarsulago]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хъарсуларого
[q͡χːarsularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хъарси
[q͡χːarsi]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хъарсизе
[q͡χːarsize]
🔒
5
|
|||
| Causative |
хъарсизавизе
/[q͡χːarsizawize]/
0
|
хъарсизайизе
/[q͡χːarsizajize]/
0
|
хъарсизабизе
/[q͡χːarsizabize]/
0
|
хъарсизаризе
/[q͡χːarsizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хъарсизавуларо
/[q͡χːarsizawularo]/
0
|
хъарсизайуларо
/[q͡χːarsizajularo]/
0
|
хъарсизабуларо
/[q͡χːarsizabularo]/
0
|
хъарсизаруларо
/[q͡χːarsizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хъарсиаризе
[q͡χːarsijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хъарсиариларо
[q͡χːarsijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хъарс-хъарсизе
[q͡χːars-q͡χːarsize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хъарс-хъарсиларо
[q͡χːars-q͡χːarsilaro]
0
|
|||