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Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: rots'ine
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
177144
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
11
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Past Simple |
роцӀана
[rot͡sˀana]
🔒
3
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
роцӀинчӀо
[rot͡sˀint͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
роцӀина
[rot͡sˀina]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
роцӀинаро
[rot͡sˀinaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
роцӀуна
[rot͡sˀuna]
🔒
2
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
роцӀунаро
[rot͡sˀunaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
роцӀунаан
[rot͡sʼunajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
роцӀунароан
[rot͡sʼunarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
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|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
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Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
роцӀа
[rot͡sˀa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
роцӀунге
[rot͡sˀunge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
роцӀаги
[rot͡sˀagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
роцӀунгеги
[rot͡sˀungegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
роцӀинин
[rot͡sˀinin]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
роцӀани
[rot͡sˀani]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
роцӀинчӀони
[rot͡sˀint͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
роцӀанищ
[rot͡sˀaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
роцӀинчӀищ
[rot͡sˀint͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
роцӀунищ
[rot͡sˀuniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
роцӀунарищ
[rot͡sˀunariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
роцӀинищ
[rot͡sˀiniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
роцӀинарищ
[rot͡sˀinariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
роцӀарав
/[rot͡sˀaraw]/
🔒
0
|
роцӀарай
/[rot͡sˀaraj]/
🔒
0
|
роцӀараб
/[rot͡sˀarab]/
🔒
119
|
роцӀарал
/[rot͡sˀaral]/
🔒
10
|
| Past Participle Negative |
роцӀинчӀев
/[rot͡sʼint͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
роцӀинчӀей
/[rot͡sʼint͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
роцӀинчӀеб
/[rot͡sʼint͡ʃʼeb]/
0
|
роцӀинчӀел
/[rot͡sʼint͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
роцӀунев
/[rot͡sˀunew]/
🔒
0
|
роцӀуней
/[rot͡sˀunej]/
🔒
0
|
роцӀунеб
/[rot͡sˀuneb]/
🔒
2
|
роцӀунел
/[rot͡sˀunel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle Negative |
роцӀунарев
/[rot͡sʼunarew]/
0
|
роцӀунарей
/[rot͡sʼunarej]/
0
|
роцӀунареб
/[rot͡sʼunareb]/
0
|
роцӀунарел
/[rot͡sʼunarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
роцӀинев
/[rot͡sʼinew]/
0
|
роцӀиней
/[rot͡sʼinej]/
0
|
роцӀинеб
/[rot͡sʼineb]/
0
|
роцӀинел
/[rot͡sʼinel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
роцӀинарев
/[rot͡sʼinarew]/
0
|
роцӀинарей
/[rot͡sʼinarej]/
0
|
роцӀинареб
/[rot͡sʼinareb]/
0
|
роцӀинарел
/[rot͡sʼinarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
роцӀинехъин
[rot͡sʼineq͡χːin]
🔒
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
роцӀинехъинро
[rot͡sʼineq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
роцӀаяв
/[rot͡sˀajaw]/
0
|
роцӀаяй
/[rot͡sˀajaj]/
0
|
роцӀаяб
/[rot͡sˀajab]/
0
|
роцӀаял
/[rot͡sʼajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
роцӀарав
0
|
роцӀарай
0
|
роцӀараб
119
|
роцӀарал
10
|
| Ergative |
роцӀарас
0
|
роцӀаралъ
0
|
роцӀаралъ
0
|
роцӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
роцӀарасул
0
|
роцӀаралъул
0
|
роцӀаралъул
0
|
роцӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
роцӀарасе
0
|
роцӀаралъе
0
|
роцӀаралъе
0
|
роцӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
роцӀарасда
0
|
роцӀаралъда
0
|
роцӀаралъда
0
|
роцӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
роцӀарасде
0
|
роцӀаралъде
0
|
роцӀаралъде
0
|
роцӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
роцӀарасдаса
0
|
роцӀаралъдаса
0
|
роцӀаралъдаса
0
|
роцӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
роцӀарасдасан
0
|
роцӀаралъдасан
0
|
роцӀаралъдасан
0
|
роцӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
роцӀарасухъ
0
|
роцӀаралъухъ
0
|
роцӀаралъухъ
0
|
роцӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
роцӀарасухъе
0
|
роцӀаралъухъе
0
|
роцӀаралъухъе
0
|
роцӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
роцӀарасухъа
0
|
роцӀаралъухъа
0
|
роцӀаралъухъа
0
|
роцӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
роцӀарасухъан
0
|
роцӀаралъухъан
0
|
роцӀаралъухъан
0
|
роцӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
роцӀарасулъ
0
|
роцӀаралъулъ
0
|
роцӀаралъулъ
0
|
роцӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
роцӀарасулъе
0
|
роцӀаралъулъе
0
|
роцӀаралъулъе
0
|
роцӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
роцӀарасулъа
0
|
роцӀаралъулъа
0
|
роцӀаралъулъа
0
|
роцӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
роцӀарасулъан
0
|
роцӀаралъулъан
0
|
роцӀаралъулъан
0
|
роцӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
роцӀарасукь
0
|
роцӀаралъукь
0
|
роцӀаралъукь
0
|
роцӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
роцӀарасукье
0
|
роцӀаралъукье
0
|
роцӀаралъукье
0
|
роцӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
роцӀарасукьа
0
|
роцӀаралъукьа
0
|
роцӀаралъукьа
0
|
роцӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
роцӀарасукьан
0
|
роцӀаралъукьан
0
|
роцӀаралъукьан
0
|
роцӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
роцӀун
[rot͡sʼun]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
роцӀун
[rot͡sˀun]
🔒
14
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
роцӀинчӀого
[rot͡sˀint͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
роцӀунаго
[rot͡sʼunago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
роцӀунарого
[rot͡sˀunarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
роцӀин
[rot͡sˀin]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Infinitive |
роцӀине
[rot͡sˀine]
🔒
11
|
|||
| Causative |
роцӀинавизе
/[rot͡sʼinawize]/
🔒
0
|
роцӀинайизе
/[rot͡sʼinajize]/
🔒
0
|
роцӀинабизе
/[rot͡sˀinabize]/
🔒
18
|
роцӀинаризе
/[rot͡sʼinarize]/
🔒
1
|
| Causative Negative |
роцӀинавуларо
/[rot͡sʼinawularo]/
0
|
роцӀинайуларо
/[rot͡sʼinajularo]/
0
|
роцӀинабуларо
/[rot͡sˀinabularo]/
0
|
роцӀинаруларо
/[rot͡sʼinarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
роцӀанхъизе
[rot͡sʼanq͡χːize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
роцӀанхъиларо
[rot͡sˀanq͡χːilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
роцӀ-роцӀине
[rot͡sˀ-rot͡sˀine]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
роцӀ-роцӀинаро
[rot͡sˀ-rot͡sˀinaro]
0
|
|||