Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
горкнуть
горчить
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: tl'oghlhize
Transitivity
Intransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
177951
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬulew wugo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬulej jigo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬuleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
кьогӀлъана
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
кьогӀлъичӀо
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
кьогӀлъила
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬila]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
кьогӀлъиларо
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
кьогӀлъула
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬula]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
кьогӀлъуларо
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
кьогӀлъулаан
[t͡ɬʼːoʕɬulajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
кьогӀлъулароан
[t͡ɬʼːoʕɬularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
кьогӀлъе
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬe]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
кьогӀлъуге
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬuge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
кьогӀлъеги
[t͡ɬʼːoʕɬegi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
кьогӀлъугеги
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
кьогӀлъизин
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
кьогӀлъани
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
кьогӀлъичӀони
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬit͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
кьогӀлъанищ
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьогӀлъичӀищ
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
кьогӀлъулищ
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬuliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьогӀлъуларищ
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
кьогӀлъилищ
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬiliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
кьогӀлъиларищ
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
кьогӀлъарав
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬaraw]/
🔒
0
|
кьогӀлъарай
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬaraj]/
🔒
0
|
кьогӀлъараб
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬarab]/
🔒
1
|
кьогӀлъарал
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
кьогӀлъичӀев
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬit͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
кьогӀлъичӀей
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬit͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
кьогӀлъичӀеб
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
кьогӀлъичӀел
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬit͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
кьогӀлъулев
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬulew]/
🔒
0
|
кьогӀлъулей
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬulej]/
🔒
0
|
кьогӀлъулеб
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬuleb]/
🔒
1
|
кьогӀлъулел
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬulel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
кьогӀлъуларев
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬularew]/
0
|
кьогӀлъуларей
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬularej]/
0
|
кьогӀлъулареб
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬulareb]/
0
|
кьогӀлъуларел
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
кьогӀлъилев
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬilew]/
0
|
кьогӀлъилей
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬilej]/
0
|
кьогӀлъилеб
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬileb]/
0
|
кьогӀлъилел
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
кьогӀлъиларев
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬilarew]/
0
|
кьогӀлъиларей
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬilarej]/
0
|
кьогӀлъилареб
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬilareb]/
0
|
кьогӀлъиларел
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
кьогӀлъизехъин
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
кьогӀлъизехъинро
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
кьогӀлъеяв
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬejaw]/
0
|
кьогӀлъеяй
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬejaj]/
0
|
кьогӀлъеяб
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬejab]/
0
|
кьогӀлъеял
/[t͡ɬʼːoʕɬejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
кьогӀлъарав
0
|
кьогӀлъарай
0
|
кьогӀлъараб
1
|
кьогӀлъарал
0
|
| Ergative |
кьогӀлъарас
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъ
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъ
0
|
кьогӀлъараз
0
|
| Genitive |
кьогӀлъарасул
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъул
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъул
0
|
кьогӀлъаразул
0
|
| Dative |
кьогӀлъарасе
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъе
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъе
0
|
кьогӀлъаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
кьогӀлъарасда
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъда
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъда
0
|
кьогӀлъаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
кьогӀлъарасде
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъде
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъде
0
|
кьогӀлъаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
кьогӀлъарасдаса
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъдаса
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъдаса
0
|
кьогӀлъараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
кьогӀлъарасдасан
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъдасан
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъдасан
0
|
кьогӀлъараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
кьогӀлъарасухъ
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъухъ
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъухъ
0
|
кьогӀлъаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
кьогӀлъарасухъе
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъухъе
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъухъе
0
|
кьогӀлъаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
кьогӀлъарасухъа
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъухъа
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъухъа
0
|
кьогӀлъаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
кьогӀлъарасухъан
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъухъан
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъухъан
0
|
кьогӀлъаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
кьогӀлъарасулъ
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъулъ
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъулъ
0
|
кьогӀлъаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
кьогӀлъарасулъе
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъулъе
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъулъе
0
|
кьогӀлъаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
кьогӀлъарасулъа
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъулъа
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъулъа
0
|
кьогӀлъаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
кьогӀлъарасулъан
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъулъан
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъулъан
0
|
кьогӀлъаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
кьогӀлъарасукь
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъукь
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъукь
0
|
кьогӀлъаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
кьогӀлъарасукье
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъукье
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъукье
0
|
кьогӀлъаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
кьогӀлъарасукьа
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъукьа
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъукьа
0
|
кьогӀлъаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
кьогӀлъарасукьан
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъукьан
0
|
кьогӀлъаралъукьан
0
|
кьогӀлъаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
кьогӀлъун
[t͡ɬʼːoʕɬun]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
кьогӀлъун
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬun]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
кьогӀлъичӀого
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬit͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
кьогӀлъулаго
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬulago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
кьогӀлъуларого
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
кьогӀлъи
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬi]
🔒
85
|
|||
| Infinitive |
кьогӀлъизе
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬize]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
кьогӀлъизавизе
/[t͡ɬʼːoʕɬizawize]/
0
|
кьогӀлъизайизе
/[t͡ɬʼːoʕɬizajize]/
0
|
кьогӀлъизабизе
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬizabize]/
0
|
кьогӀлъизаризе
/[t͡ɬʼːoʕɬizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
кьогӀлъизавуларо
/[t͡ɬʼːoʕɬizawularo]/
0
|
кьогӀлъизайуларо
/[t͡ɬʼːoʕɬizajularo]/
0
|
кьогӀлъизабуларо
/[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬizabularo]/
0
|
кьогӀлъизаруларо
/[t͡ɬʼːoʕɬizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
кьогӀлъиаризе
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
кьогӀлъиариларо
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
кьогӀлъ-кьогӀлъизе
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬ-t͡ɬˀːoʕɬize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
кьогӀлъ-кьогӀлъиларо
[t͡ɬˀːoʕɬ-t͡ɬˀːoʕɬilaro]
0
|
|||