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Russian
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English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 4
ASCII: hhadurize
Derivation Method
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
-и
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
178068
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
151
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[ħadurulew wugo]/ |
/[ħadurulej jigo]/ |
/[ħaduruleb bugo]/ |
/[ħadurulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[ħadurulew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ħadurulej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ħaduruleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[ħadurulel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
хӀадурана
[ħadurana]
🔒
84
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
хӀадуричӀо
[ħadurit͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
хӀадурила
[ħadurila]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
хӀадуриларо
[ħadurilaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
хӀадурула
[ħadurula]
🔒
34
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
хӀадуруларо
[ħadurularo]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
хӀадурулаан
[ħadurulajan]
🔒
23
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
хӀадурулароан
[ħadurularojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
хӀадуре
[ħadure]
🔒
4
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
хӀадуруге
[ħaduruge]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
хӀадуреги
[ħaduregi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
хӀадуругеги
[ħadurugegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
хӀадуризин
[ħadurizin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
хӀадурани
[ħadurani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
хӀадуричӀони
[ħadurit͡ʃˀoni]
🔒
1
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
хӀадуранищ
[ħaduraniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀадуричӀищ
[ħadurit͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀадурулищ
[ħaduruliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀадуруларищ
[ħadurulariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
хӀадурилищ
[ħaduriliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
хӀадуриларищ
[ħadurilariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
хӀадурарав
/[ħaduraraw]/
🔒
14
|
хӀадурарай
/[ħaduraraj]/
🔒
5
|
хӀадурараб
/[ħadurarab]/
🔒
158
|
хӀадурарал
/[ħaduraral]/
🔒
86
|
| Past Participle Negative |
хӀадуричӀев
/[ħadurit͡ʃˀew]/
🔒
0
|
хӀадуричӀей
/[ħadurit͡ʃˀej]/
🔒
0
|
хӀадуричӀеб
/[ħadurit͡ʃˀeb]/
🔒
1
|
хӀадуричӀел
/[ħadurit͡ʃˀel]/
🔒
1
|
| Present Participle |
хӀадурулев
/[ħadurulew]/
🔒
17
|
хӀадурулей
/[ħadurulej]/
🔒
13
|
хӀадурулеб
/[ħaduruleb]/
🔒
127
|
хӀадурулел
/[ħadurulel]/
🔒
100
|
| Present Participle Negative |
хӀадуруларев
/[ħadurularew]/
0
|
хӀадуруларей
/[ħadurularej]/
0
|
хӀадурулареб
/[ħadurulareb]/
0
|
хӀадуруларел
/[ħadurularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
хӀадурилев
/[ħadurilew]/
0
|
хӀадурилей
/[ħadurilej]/
0
|
хӀадурилеб
/[ħadurileb]/
0
|
хӀадурилел
/[ħadurilel]/
🔒
1
|
| Future Participle Negative |
хӀадуриларев
/[ħadurilarew]/
0
|
хӀадуриларей
/[ħadurilarej]/
0
|
хӀадурилареб
/[ħadurilareb]/
0
|
хӀадуриларел
/[ħadurilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
хӀадуризехъин
[ħadurizeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
хӀадуризехъинро
[ħadurizeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
хӀадуреяв
/[ħadurejaw]/
0
|
хӀадуреяй
/[ħadurejaj]/
0
|
хӀадуреяб
/[ħadurejab]/
0
|
хӀадуреял
/[ħadurejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
хӀадурарав
14
|
хӀадурарай
5
|
хӀадурараб
158
|
хӀадурарал
86
|
| Ergative |
хӀадурарас
0
|
хӀадураралъ
0
|
хӀадураралъ
0
|
хӀадурараз
0
|
| Genitive |
хӀадурарасул
0
|
хӀадураралъул
0
|
хӀадураралъул
0
|
хӀадураразул
1
|
| Dative |
хӀадурарасе
0
|
хӀадураралъе
0
|
хӀадураралъе
0
|
хӀадураразе
4
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
хӀадурарасда
0
|
хӀадураралъда
0
|
хӀадураралъда
0
|
хӀадураразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
хӀадурарасде
0
|
хӀадураралъде
0
|
хӀадураралъде
0
|
хӀадураразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
хӀадурарасдаса
0
|
хӀадураралъдаса
0
|
хӀадураралъдаса
0
|
хӀадурараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
хӀадурарасдасан
0
|
хӀадураралъдасан
0
|
хӀадураралъдасан
0
|
хӀадурараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
хӀадурарасухъ
0
|
хӀадураралъухъ
2
|
хӀадураралъухъ
2
|
хӀадураразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
хӀадурарасухъе
0
|
хӀадураралъухъе
0
|
хӀадураралъухъе
0
|
хӀадураразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
хӀадурарасухъа
0
|
хӀадураралъухъа
0
|
хӀадураралъухъа
0
|
хӀадураразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
хӀадурарасухъан
0
|
хӀадураралъухъан
0
|
хӀадураралъухъан
0
|
хӀадураразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
хӀадурарасулъ
0
|
хӀадураралъулъ
0
|
хӀадураралъулъ
0
|
хӀадураразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
хӀадурарасулъе
0
|
хӀадураралъулъе
0
|
хӀадураралъулъе
0
|
хӀадураразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
хӀадурарасулъа
0
|
хӀадураралъулъа
0
|
хӀадураралъулъа
0
|
хӀадураразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
хӀадурарасулъан
0
|
хӀадураралъулъан
0
|
хӀадураралъулъан
0
|
хӀадураразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
хӀадурарасукь
0
|
хӀадураралъукь
0
|
хӀадураралъукь
0
|
хӀадураразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
хӀадурарасукье
0
|
хӀадураралъукье
0
|
хӀадураралъукье
0
|
хӀадураразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
хӀадурарасукьа
0
|
хӀадураралъукьа
0
|
хӀадураралъукьа
0
|
хӀадураразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
хӀадурарасукьан
0
|
хӀадураралъукьан
0
|
хӀадураралъукьан
0
|
хӀадураразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
хӀадурун
[ħadurun]
🔒
446
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
хӀадурун
[ħadurun]
🔒
446
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
хӀадуричӀого
[ħadurit͡ʃˀogo]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
хӀадурулаго
[ħadurulago]
🔒
22
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
хӀадуруларого
[ħadurularogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
хӀадури
[ħaduri]
🔒
27
|
|||
| Infinitive |
хӀадуризе
[ħadurize]
🔒
151
|
|||
| Causative |
хӀадуризавизе
/[ħadurizawize]/
0
|
хӀадуризайизе
/[ħadurizajize]/
0
|
хӀадуризабизе
/[ħadurizabize]/
0
|
хӀадуризаризе
/[ħadurizarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
хӀадуризавуларо
/[ħadurizawularo]/
0
|
хӀадуризайуларо
/[ħadurizajularo]/
0
|
хӀадуризабуларо
/[ħadurizabularo]/
0
|
хӀадуризаруларо
/[ħadurizarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
хӀадуриаризе
[ħadurijarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
хӀадуриариларо
[ħadurijarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
хӀадур-хӀадуризе
[ħadur-ħadurize]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
хӀадур-хӀадуриларо
[ħadur-ħadurilaro]
0
|
|||