Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
дёргать
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV.CV.CV
Syllables: 5
ASCII: tʼurkʼizabize
Transitivity
Ambitransitive
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
179126
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[tʼurkʼizawulew wugo]/ |
/[tʼurkʼizajulej jigo]/ |
/[tˀurkˀizabuleb bugo]/ |
/[tʼurkʼizarulel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[tʼurkʼizawulew het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[tʼurkʼizajulej het͡ʃʼo]/ |
/[tˀurkˀizabuleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tʼurkʼizarulel het͡ʃʼo]/ |
| Past Simple |
тӀуркӀизавуна
/[tʼurkʼizawuna]/
🔒
1
|
тӀуркӀизайуна
/[tʼurkʼizajuna]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуна
/[tˀurkˀizabuna]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруна
/[tʼurkʼizaruna]/
🔒
1
|
| Past Simple Negative |
тӀуркӀизавичӀо
/[tʼurkʼizawit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайичӀо
/[tʼurkʼizajit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабичӀо
/[tˀurkˀizabit͡ʃˀo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаричӀо
/[tʼurkʼizarit͡ʃʼo]/
0
|
| Future Simple |
тӀуркӀизавила
/[tʼurkʼizawila]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайила
/[tʼurkʼizajila]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабила
/[tˀurkˀizabila]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизарила
/[tʼurkʼizarila]/
0
|
| Future Simple Negative |
тӀуркӀизавиларо
/[tʼurkʼizawilaro]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайиларо
/[tʼurkʼizajilaro]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабиларо
/[tˀurkˀizabilaro]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизариларо
/[tʼurkʼizarilaro]/
0
|
| Constative |
тӀуркӀизавула
/[tʼurkʼizawula]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайула
/[tʼurkʼizajula]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабула
/[tˀurkˀizabula]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизарула
/[tʼurkʼizarula]/
0
|
| Constative Negative |
тӀуркӀизавуларо
/[tʼurkʼizawularo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуларо
/[tʼurkʼizajularo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуларо
/[tˀurkˀizabularo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруларо
/[tʼurkʼizarularo]/
0
|
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
тӀуркӀизавулаан
/[tʼurkʼizawulajan]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайулаан
/[tʼurkʼizajulajan]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабулаан
/[tʼurkʼizabulajan]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизарулаан
/[tʼurkʼizarulajan]/
0
|
| Remote Past Negative |
тӀуркӀизабулароан
/[tʼurkʼizabularojan]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабулароан
/[tʼurkʼizabularojan]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабулароан
/[tʼurkʼizabularojan]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизарулароан
/[tʼurkʼizarularojan]/
0
|
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
тӀуркӀизаве
/[tʼurkʼizawe]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайе
/[tʼurkʼizaje]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабе
/[tˀurkˀizabe]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаре
/[tʼurkʼizare]/
0
|
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
тӀуркӀизавуге
/[tʼurkʼizawuge]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуге
/[tʼurkʼizajuge]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуге
/[tˀurkˀizabuge]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруге
/[tʼurkʼizaruge]/
0
|
| Optative |
тӀуркӀизабеги
/[tʼurkʼizawegi]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабеги
/[tʼurkʼizajegi]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабеги
/[tʼurkʼizabegi]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизареги
/[tʼurkʼizaregi]/
0
|
| Prohibitive Optative |
тӀуркӀизабугеги
/[tˀurkˀizabugegi]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабугеги
/[tˀurkˀizabugegi]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабугеги
/[tˀurkˀizabugegi]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаругеги
/[tʼurkʼizarugegi]/
0
|
| Hortative |
тӀуркӀизавизин
/[tʼurkʼizawizin]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайизин
/[tʼurkʼizajizin]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабизин
/[tˀurkˀizabizin]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаризин
/[tʼurkʼizarizin]/
0
|
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
тӀуркӀизавуни
/[tʼurkʼizawuni]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуни
/[tʼurkʼizajuni]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуни
/[tˀurkˀizabuni]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруни
/[tʼurkʼizaruni]/
0
|
| Conditional Negative |
тӀуркӀизабичӀони
/[tˀurkˀizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабичӀони
/[tˀurkˀizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабичӀони
/[tˀurkˀizabit͡ʃˀoni]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаричӀони
/[tʼurkʼizarit͡ʃʼoni]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀуркӀизавунищ
/[tʼurkʼizawuniʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайунищ
/[tʼurkʼizajuniʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабунищ
/[tˀurkˀizabuniʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизарунищ
/[tʼurkʼizaruniʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀуркӀизавичӀищ
/[tʼurkʼizawit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайичӀищ
/[tʼurkʼizajit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабичӀищ
/[tˀurkˀizabit͡ʃˀiʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаричӀищ
/[tʼurkʼizarit͡ʃʼiʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀуркӀизавулищ
/[tʼurkʼizawuliʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайулищ
/[tʼurkʼizajuliʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабулищ
/[tˀurkˀizabuliʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизарулищ
/[tʼurkʼizaruliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀуркӀизавуларищ
/[tʼurkʼizawulariʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуларищ
/[tʼurkʼizajulariʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуларищ
/[tˀurkˀizabulariʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруларищ
/[tʼurkʼizarulariʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀуркӀизавилищ
/[tʼurkʼizawiliʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайилищ
/[tʼurkʼizajiliʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабилищ
/[tˀurkˀizabiliʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизарилищ
/[tʼurkʼizariliʃː]/
0
|
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀуркӀизавиларищ
/[tʼurkʼizawilariʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайиларищ
/[tʼurkʼizajilariʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабиларищ
/[tˀurkˀizabilariʃː]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизариларищ
/[tʼurkʼizarilariʃː]/
0
|
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
тӀуркӀизавурав
/[tʼurkʼizawuraw]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайурай
/[tʼurkʼizajuraj]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабураб
/[tˀurkˀizaburab]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизарурал
/[tʼurkʼizarural]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
тӀуркӀизавичӀев
/[tʼurkʼizawit͡ʃʼew]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайичӀей
/[tʼurkʼizajit͡ʃʼej]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабичӀеб
/[tˀurkˀizabit͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаричӀел
/[tʼurkʼizarit͡ʃʼel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
тӀуркӀизавулев
/[tʼurkʼizawulew]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайулей
/[tʼurkʼizajulej]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабулеб
/[tˀurkˀizabuleb]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизарулел
/[tʼurkʼizarulel]/
🔒
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
тӀуркӀизавуларев
/[tʼurkʼizawularew]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуларей
/[tʼurkʼizajularej]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабулареб
/[tˀurkˀizabulareb]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруларел
/[tʼurkʼizarularel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
тӀуркӀизавилев
/[tʼurkʼizawilew]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайилей
/[tʼurkʼizajilej]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабилеб
/[tˀurkˀizabileb]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизарилел
/[tʼurkʼizarilel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
тӀуркӀизавиларев
/[tʼurkʼizawilarew]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайиларей
/[tʼurkʼizajilarej]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабилареб
/[tˀurkˀizabilareb]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизариларел
/[tʼurkʼizarilarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
тӀуркӀизавизехъин
/[tʼurkʼizawizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайизехъин
/[tʼurkʼizajizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабизехъин
/[tˀurkˀizabizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаризехъин
/[tʼurkʼizarizeq͡χːin]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle Negative |
тӀуркӀизавизехъинро
/[tʼurkʼizawizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайизехъинро
/[tʼurkʼizajizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабизехъинро
/[tˀurkˀizabizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаризехъинро
/[tʼurkʼizarizeq͡χːinro]/
0
|
| Optative Participle |
тӀуркӀизавеяв
/[tʼurkʼizawejaw]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайеяй
/[tʼurkʼizajejaj]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабеяб
/[tˀurkˀizabejab]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизареял
/[tʼurkʼizarejal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
тӀуркӀизавурав
0
|
тӀуркӀизайурай
0
|
тӀуркӀизабураб
0
|
тӀуркӀизарурал
0
|
| Ergative |
тӀуркӀизавурас
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъ
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъ
0
|
тӀуркӀизарураз
0
|
| Genitive |
тӀуркӀизавурасул
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъул
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъул
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразул
0
|
| Dative |
тӀуркӀизавурасе
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъе
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъе
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
тӀуркӀизавурасда
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъда
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъда
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
тӀуркӀизавурасде
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъде
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъде
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
тӀуркӀизавурасдаса
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъдаса
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъдаса
0
|
тӀуркӀизарураздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
тӀуркӀизавурасдасан
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъдасан
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъдасан
0
|
тӀуркӀизарураздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
тӀуркӀизавурасухъ
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъухъ
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъухъ
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
тӀуркӀизавурасухъе
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъухъе
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъухъе
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
тӀуркӀизавурасухъа
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъухъа
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъухъа
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
тӀуркӀизавурасухъан
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъухъан
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъухъан
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
тӀуркӀизавурасулъ
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъулъ
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъулъ
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
тӀуркӀизавурасулъе
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъулъе
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъулъе
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
тӀуркӀизавурасулъа
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъулъа
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъулъа
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
тӀуркӀизавурасулъан
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъулъан
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъулъан
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
тӀуркӀизавурасукь
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъукь
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъукь
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
тӀуркӀизавурасукье
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъукье
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъукье
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
тӀуркӀизавурасукьа
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъукьа
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъукьа
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
тӀуркӀизавурасукьан
0
|
тӀуркӀизайуралъукьан
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуралъукьан
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
тӀуркӀизавун
/[tʼurkʼizawun]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайун
/[tʼurkʼizajun]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабун
/[tʼurkʼizabun]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизарун
/[tʼurkʼizarun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past |
тӀуркӀизавун
/[tʼurkʼizawun]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайун
/[tʼurkʼizajun]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабун
/[tˀurkˀizabun]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизарун
/[tʼurkʼizarun]/
0
|
| Adverbial Past Negative |
тӀуркӀизабичӀого
/[tˀurkˀizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабичӀого
/[tˀurkˀizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабичӀого
/[tˀurkˀizabit͡ʃˀogo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаричӀого
/[tʼurkʼizarit͡ʃʼogo]/
0
|
| Adverbial General |
тӀуркӀизавулаго
/[tʼurkʼizawulago]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайулаго
/[tʼurkʼizajulago]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабулаго
/[tˀurkˀizabulago]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизарулаго
/[tʼurkʼizarulago]/
0
|
| Adverbial General Negative |
тӀуркӀизабуларого
/[tˀurkˀizabularogo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуларого
/[tˀurkˀizabularogo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабуларого
/[tˀurkˀizabularogo]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаруларого
/[tʼurkʼizarularogo]/
0
|
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
тӀуркӀизави
/[tʼurkʼizawi]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайи
/[tʼurkʼizaji]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаби
/[tˀurkˀizabi]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизари
/[tʼurkʼizari]/
0
|
| Infinitive |
тӀуркӀизавизе
/[tʼurkʼizawize]/
🔒
0
|
тӀуркӀизайизе
/[tʼurkʼizajize]/
🔒
0
|
тӀуркӀизабизе
/[tˀurkˀizabize]/
🔒
1
|
тӀуркӀизаризе
/[tʼurkʼizarize]/
🔒
0
|
| Causative |
тӀуркӀизабизабизе
[tˀurkˀizabizabize]
0
|
|||
| Causative Negative |
тӀуркӀизабизабуларо
[tˀurkˀizabizabularo]
0
|
|||
| Durative |
тӀуркӀизавиаризе
/[tʼurkʼizawijarize]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайиаризе
/[tʼurkʼizajijarize]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабиаризе
/[tˀurkˀizabijarize]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизариаризе
/[tʼurkʼizarijarize]/
0
|
| Durative Negative |
тӀуркӀизавиариларо
/[tʼurkʼizawijarilaro]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизайиариларо
/[tʼurkʼizajijarilaro]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизабиариларо
/[tˀurkˀizabijarilaro]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизариариларо
/[tʼurkʼizarijarilaro]/
0
|
| Frequentative |
тӀуркӀизаб-тӀуркӀизавизе
/[tʼurkʼizab-tʼurkʼizawize]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаб-тӀуркӀизайизе
/[tʼurkʼizab-tʼurkʼizajize]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаб-тӀуркӀизабизе
/[tˀurkˀizab-tˀurkˀizabize]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаб-тӀуркӀизаризе
/[tʼurkʼizab-tʼurkʼizarize]/
0
|
| Frequentative Negative |
тӀуркӀизаб-тӀуркӀизавиларо
/[tʼurkʼizab-tʼurkʼizawilaro]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаб-тӀуркӀизайиларо
/[tʼurkʼizab-tʼurkʼizajilaro]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаб-тӀуркӀизабиларо
/[tˀurkˀizab-tˀurkˀizabilaro]/
0
|
тӀуркӀизаб-тӀуркӀизариларо
/[tʼurkʼizab-tʼurkʼizarilaro]/
0
|