Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
деревенеть
закостенеть
занеметь
костенеть
коченеть
одеревенеть
окостенеть
окоченеть
омертветь
столбенеть
цепенеть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: tʼilghaze
Derivation Method
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
-гӀай
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
179133
Fixed/Locked
Yes
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
1
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[tˀilʕalew wugo]/ |
/[tˀilʕalej jigo]/ |
/[tˀilʕaleb bugo]/ |
/[tˀilʕalel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[tˀilʕalew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀilʕalej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀilʕaleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[tˀilʕalel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
тӀилгӀана
[tˀilʕana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
тӀилгӀачӀо
[tˀilʕat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
тӀилгӀала
[tˀilʕala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
тӀилгӀаларо
[tˀilʕalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
тӀилгӀала
[tˀilʕala]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
тӀилгӀаларо
[tˀilʕalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
тӀилгӀалаан
[tʼilʕalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
тӀилгӀалароан
[tʼilʕalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
тӀилгӀа
[tˀilʕa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
тӀилгӀаге
[tˀilʕage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
тӀилгӀаги
[tˀilʕagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
тӀилгӀагеги
[tˀilʕagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
тӀилгӀазин
[tˀilʕazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
тӀилгӀани
[tˀilʕani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
тӀилгӀачӀони
[tˀilʕat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀилгӀанищ
[tˀilʕaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀилгӀачӀищ
[tˀilʕat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀилгӀалищ
[tˀilʕaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀилгӀаларищ
[tˀilʕalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
тӀилгӀалищ
[tˀilʕaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
тӀилгӀаларищ
[tˀilʕalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
тӀилгӀарав
/[tˀilʕaraw]/
🔒
0
|
тӀилгӀарай
/[tˀilʕaraj]/
🔒
0
|
тӀилгӀараб
/[tˀilʕarab]/
🔒
2
|
тӀилгӀарал
/[tˀilʕaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
тӀилгӀачӀев
/[tˀilʕat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
тӀилгӀачӀей
/[tˀilʕat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
тӀилгӀачӀеб
/[tˀilʕat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
тӀилгӀачӀел
/[tˀilʕat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
тӀилгӀалев
/[tˀilʕalew]/
0
|
тӀилгӀалей
/[tˀilʕalej]/
0
|
тӀилгӀалеб
/[tˀilʕaleb]/
0
|
тӀилгӀалел
/[tˀilʕalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
тӀилгӀаларев
/[tˀilʕalarew]/
0
|
тӀилгӀаларей
/[tˀilʕalarej]/
0
|
тӀилгӀалареб
/[tˀilʕalareb]/
0
|
тӀилгӀаларел
/[tˀilʕalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
тӀилгӀалев
/[tˀilʕalew]/
0
|
тӀилгӀалей
/[tˀilʕalej]/
0
|
тӀилгӀалеб
/[tˀilʕaleb]/
0
|
тӀилгӀалел
/[tˀilʕalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
тӀилгӀаларев
/[tˀilʕalarew]/
0
|
тӀилгӀаларей
/[tˀilʕalarej]/
0
|
тӀилгӀалареб
/[tˀilʕalareb]/
0
|
тӀилгӀаларел
/[tˀilʕalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
тӀилгӀазехъин
[tˀilʕazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
тӀилгӀазехъинро
[tˀilʕazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
тӀилгӀаяв
/[tˀilʕajaw]/
0
|
тӀилгӀаяй
/[tˀilʕajaj]/
0
|
тӀилгӀаяб
/[tˀilʕajab]/
0
|
тӀилгӀаял
/[tʼilʕajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
тӀилгӀарав
0
|
тӀилгӀарай
0
|
тӀилгӀараб
2
|
тӀилгӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
тӀилгӀарас
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъ
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъ
0
|
тӀилгӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
тӀилгӀарасул
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъул
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъул
0
|
тӀилгӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
тӀилгӀарасе
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъе
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъе
0
|
тӀилгӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
тӀилгӀарасда
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъда
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъда
0
|
тӀилгӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
тӀилгӀарасде
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъде
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъде
0
|
тӀилгӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
тӀилгӀарасдаса
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъдаса
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъдаса
0
|
тӀилгӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
тӀилгӀарасдасан
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъдасан
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъдасан
0
|
тӀилгӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
тӀилгӀарасухъ
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъухъ
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъухъ
0
|
тӀилгӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
тӀилгӀарасухъе
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъухъе
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъухъе
0
|
тӀилгӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
тӀилгӀарасухъа
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъухъа
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъухъа
0
|
тӀилгӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
тӀилгӀарасухъан
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъухъан
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъухъан
0
|
тӀилгӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
тӀилгӀарасулъ
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъулъ
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъулъ
0
|
тӀилгӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
тӀилгӀарасулъе
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъулъе
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъулъе
0
|
тӀилгӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
тӀилгӀарасулъа
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъулъа
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъулъа
0
|
тӀилгӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
тӀилгӀарасулъан
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъулъан
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъулъан
0
|
тӀилгӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
тӀилгӀарасукь
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъукь
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъукь
0
|
тӀилгӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
тӀилгӀарасукье
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъукье
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъукье
0
|
тӀилгӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
тӀилгӀарасукьа
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъукьа
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъукьа
0
|
тӀилгӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
тӀилгӀарасукьан
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъукьан
0
|
тӀилгӀаралъукьан
0
|
тӀилгӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
тӀилгӀан
[tʼilʕan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
тӀилгӀан
[tˀilʕan]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
тӀилгӀачӀого
[tˀilʕat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
тӀилгӀалаго
[tˀilʕalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
тӀилгӀаларого
[tˀilʕalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
тӀилгӀай
[tˀilʕaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
тӀилгӀазе
[tˀilʕaze]
🔒
1
|
|||
| Causative |
тӀилгӀазавизе
/[tʼilʕazawize]/
0
|
тӀилгӀазайизе
/[tʼilʕazajize]/
0
|
тӀилгӀазабизе
/[tˀilʕazabize]/
0
|
тӀилгӀазаризе
/[tʼilʕazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
тӀилгӀазавуларо
/[tʼilʕazawularo]/
0
|
тӀилгӀазайуларо
/[tʼilʕazajularo]/
0
|
тӀилгӀазабуларо
/[tˀilʕazabularo]/
0
|
тӀилгӀазаруларо
/[tʼilʕazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
тӀилгӀааризе
[tˀilʕajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
тӀилгӀаариларо
[tˀilʕajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
тӀилгӀа-тӀилгӀазе
[tˀilʕa-tˀilʕaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
тӀилгӀа-тӀилгӀаларо
[tˀilʕa-tˀilʕalaro]
0
|
|||