Personal Notes
🌐 Translations
Russian
деревенеть
неметь
одеревенеть
English
📚 Grammar Information
Part of Speech
Verb
Phonology
Pattern:
CVC.CV.CV
Syllables: 3
ASCII: ts'ulghaze
Derivation Method
Derived From
Derivation Suffix
-гӀай
Transitivity
Unknown
Aspect
Not specified
Voice
Not specified
Class-based
No
System Information
Database ID
179134
Fixed/Locked
No
Created
2025-06-07 16:48
Attestation Count
0
Morphology & Forms
🔤 Verb Forms
Tip: Click on the colored attestation badges next to any word form to see usage examples from the corpus.
Tenses (Present, Past, Future) 32
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
present participle + present auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀulʕalew wugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀulʕalej jigo]/ |
/[t͡sˀulʕaleb bugo]/ |
/[t͡sˀulʕalel rugo]/ |
|
Present Negative
present participle + present negative auxiliary
|
/[t͡sˀulʕalew het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀulʕalej het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀulʕaleb het͡ʃˀo]/ |
/[t͡sˀulʕalel het͡ʃˀo]/ |
| Past Simple |
цӀулгӀана
[t͡sˀulʕana]
0
|
|||
| Past Simple Negative |
цӀулгӀачӀо
[t͡sˀulʕat͡ʃˀo]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple |
цӀулгӀала
[t͡sˀulʕala]
0
|
|||
| Future Simple Negative |
цӀулгӀаларо
[t͡sˀulʕalaro]
0
|
|||
| Constative |
цӀулгӀала
[t͡sˀulʕala]
0
|
|||
| Constative Negative |
цӀулгӀаларо
[t͡sˀulʕalaro]
0
|
|||
|
Future Composite
infinitive + future auxiliary
|
||||
|
Inceptive
infinitive + inceptive auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Present |
—
0
|
|||
|
Past Indefinite
adverbial past + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Indefinite Negative
adverbial past + present negative auxiliary
|
||||
| Remote Past |
цӀулгӀалаан
[t͡sʼulʕalajan]
0
|
|||
| Remote Past Negative |
цӀулгӀалароан
[t͡sʼulʕalarojan]
0
|
|||
|
Past Perfective
adverbial past + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Perfective Negative
adverbial past + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective
present participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Imperfective Negative
present participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative
infinitive + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Obligative Negative
infinitive + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential
adverbial past + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Evidential Negative
adverbial past negative + past gerund + present negative auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past Resultative Habitual
adverbial past + constative past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Resultative Habitual Negative
adverbial past + constative past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional
intentional participle + past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Intentional Negative
intentional participle + past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential
adverbial past + remote past auxiliary
|
||||
|
Past Remote Evidential Negative
adverbial past + remote past negative auxiliary
|
||||
|
Obligative Subjunctive
infinitive + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
||||
|
Habitual Evidential
present participle + past gerund + present auxiliary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constative Compound
present participle + constative auxiliary
|
||||
Moods (Imperative, Conditional, Optative) 15
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative |
цӀулгӀа
[t͡sˀulʕa]
0
|
|||
| Imp Alt |
—
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive |
цӀулгӀаге
[t͡sˀulʕage]
0
|
|||
| Optative |
цӀулгӀаги
[t͡sˀulʕagi]
0
|
|||
| Prohibitive Optative |
цӀулгӀагеги
[t͡sˀulʕagegi]
0
|
|||
| Hortative |
цӀулгӀазин
[t͡sˀulʕazin]
0
|
|||
|
Analytical Imperative
imperative + абе
|
||||
| Conditional |
цӀулгӀани
[t͡sˀulʕani]
0
|
|||
| Conditional Negative |
цӀулгӀачӀони
[t͡sˀulʕat͡ʃˀoni]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past
past simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀулгӀанищ
[t͡sˀulʕaniʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Past Negative
past simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀулгӀачӀищ
[t͡sˀulʕat͡ʃˀiʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative
constative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀулгӀалищ
[t͡sˀulʕaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Constative Negative
constative negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀулгӀаларищ
[t͡sˀulʕalariʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future
future simple + interrogative suffix
|
цӀулгӀалищ
[t͡sˀulʕaliʃː]
0
|
|||
|
Interrogative Future Negative
future simple negative + interrogative suffix
|
цӀулгӀаларищ
[t͡sˀulʕalariʃː]
0
|
|||
Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 9
Participles denote a property based on an action. They decline like adjectives.
Case declension (when used as nouns) appears below.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Participle |
цӀулгӀарав
/[t͡sˀulʕaraw]/
0
|
цӀулгӀарай
/[t͡sˀulʕaraj]/
0
|
цӀулгӀараб
/[t͡sˀulʕarab]/
0
|
цӀулгӀарал
/[t͡sˀulʕaral]/
0
|
| Past Participle Negative |
цӀулгӀачӀев
/[t͡sˀulʕat͡ʃˀew]/
0
|
цӀулгӀачӀей
/[t͡sˀulʕat͡ʃˀej]/
0
|
цӀулгӀачӀеб
/[t͡sˀulʕat͡ʃˀeb]/
0
|
цӀулгӀачӀел
/[t͡sˀulʕat͡ʃˀel]/
0
|
| Present Participle |
цӀулгӀалев
/[t͡sˀulʕalew]/
0
|
цӀулгӀалей
/[t͡sˀulʕalej]/
0
|
цӀулгӀалеб
/[t͡sˀulʕaleb]/
0
|
цӀулгӀалел
/[t͡sˀulʕalel]/
0
|
| Present Participle Negative |
цӀулгӀаларев
/[t͡sˀulʕalarew]/
0
|
цӀулгӀаларей
/[t͡sˀulʕalarej]/
0
|
цӀулгӀалареб
/[t͡sˀulʕalareb]/
0
|
цӀулгӀаларел
/[t͡sˀulʕalarel]/
0
|
| Future Participle |
цӀулгӀалев
/[t͡sˀulʕalew]/
0
|
цӀулгӀалей
/[t͡sˀulʕalej]/
0
|
цӀулгӀалеб
/[t͡sˀulʕaleb]/
0
|
цӀулгӀалел
/[t͡sˀulʕalel]/
0
|
| Future Participle Negative |
цӀулгӀаларев
/[t͡sˀulʕalarew]/
0
|
цӀулгӀаларей
/[t͡sˀulʕalarej]/
0
|
цӀулгӀалареб
/[t͡sˀulʕalareb]/
0
|
цӀулгӀаларел
/[t͡sˀulʕalarel]/
0
|
| Intentional Participle |
цӀулгӀазехъин
[t͡sˀulʕazeq͡χːin]
0
|
|||
| Intentional Participle Negative |
цӀулгӀазехъинро
[t͡sˀulʕazeq͡χːinro]
0
|
|||
| Optative Participle |
цӀулгӀаяв
/[t͡sˀulʕajaw]/
0
|
цӀулгӀаяй
/[t͡sˀulʕajaj]/
0
|
цӀулгӀаяб
/[t͡sˀulʕajab]/
0
|
цӀулгӀаял
/[t͡sʼulʕajal]/
0
|
Substantivized participles (e.g. "the one who came") decline like nouns. Showing Series I local cases.
| Case | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative |
цӀулгӀарав
0
|
цӀулгӀарай
0
|
цӀулгӀараб
0
|
цӀулгӀарал
0
|
| Ergative |
цӀулгӀарас
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъ
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъ
0
|
цӀулгӀараз
0
|
| Genitive |
цӀулгӀарасул
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъул
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъул
0
|
цӀулгӀаразул
0
|
| Dative |
цӀулгӀарасе
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъе
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъе
0
|
цӀулгӀаразе
0
|
| Series 1 surface contact (LOC -да · ALL -де · ABL -даса · PERL -дасан) | ||||
| Locative (-да) |
цӀулгӀарасда
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъда
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъда
0
|
цӀулгӀаразда
0
|
| Allative (-де) |
цӀулгӀарасде
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъде
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъде
0
|
цӀулгӀаразде
0
|
| Ablative (-даса) |
цӀулгӀарасдаса
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъдаса
0
|
цӀулгӀараздаса
0
|
| Perlative (-дасан) |
цӀулгӀарасдасан
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъдасан
0
|
цӀулгӀараздасан
0
|
| Series 2 proximity / near (LOC -хъ · ALL -хъе · ABL -хъа · PERL -хъан) | ||||
| Locative (-хъ) |
цӀулгӀарасухъ
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъухъ
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъухъ
0
|
цӀулгӀаразухъ
0
|
| Allative (-хъе) |
цӀулгӀарасухъе
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъухъе
0
|
цӀулгӀаразухъе
0
|
| Ablative (-хъа) |
цӀулгӀарасухъа
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъухъа
0
|
цӀулгӀаразухъа
0
|
| Perlative (-хъан) |
цӀулгӀарасухъан
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъухъан
0
|
цӀулгӀаразухъан
0
|
| Series 3 interior / among (LOC -лъ · ALL -лъе · ABL -лъа · PERL -лъан) | ||||
| Locative (-лъ) |
цӀулгӀарасулъ
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъулъ
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъулъ
0
|
цӀулгӀаразулъ
0
|
| Allative (-лъе) |
цӀулгӀарасулъе
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъулъе
0
|
цӀулгӀаразулъе
0
|
| Ablative (-лъа) |
цӀулгӀарасулъа
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъулъа
0
|
цӀулгӀаразулъа
0
|
| Perlative (-лъан) |
цӀулгӀарасулъан
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъулъан
0
|
цӀулгӀаразулъан
0
|
| Series 4 subessive / under (LOC -кь · ALL -кье · ABL -кьа · PERL -кьан) | ||||
| Locative (-кь) |
цӀулгӀарасукь
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъукь
0
|
цӀулгӀаразукь
0
|
| Allative (-кье) |
цӀулгӀарасукье
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъукье
0
|
цӀулгӀаразукье
0
|
| Ablative (-кьа) |
цӀулгӀарасукьа
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъукьа
0
|
цӀулгӀаразукьа
0
|
| Perlative (-кьан) |
цӀулгӀарасукьан
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀулгӀаралъукьан
0
|
цӀулгӀаразукьан
0
|
Adverbial Participles (Gerunds) 5
Adverbial participles express the manner, time, or cause of the action.
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Gerund |
цӀулгӀан
[t͡sʼulʕan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past |
цӀулгӀан
[t͡sˀulʕan]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial Past Negative |
цӀулгӀачӀого
[t͡sˀulʕat͡ʃˀogo]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General |
цӀулгӀалаго
[t͡sˀulʕalago]
0
|
|||
| Adverbial General Negative |
цӀулгӀаларого
[t͡sˀulʕalarogo]
0
|
|||
Derived Forms (Causative, Durative, Masdar) 8
Verb Forms
| Form | I (M) | II (F) | III (N) | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masdar |
цӀулгӀай
[t͡sˀulʕaj]
0
|
|||
| Infinitive |
цӀулгӀазе
[t͡sˀulʕaze]
0
|
|||
| Causative |
цӀулгӀазавизе
/[t͡sʼulʕazawize]/
0
|
цӀулгӀазайизе
/[t͡sʼulʕazajize]/
0
|
цӀулгӀазабизе
/[t͡sˀulʕazabize]/
0
|
цӀулгӀазаризе
/[t͡sʼulʕazarize]/
0
|
| Causative Negative |
цӀулгӀазавуларо
/[t͡sʼulʕazawularo]/
0
|
цӀулгӀазайуларо
/[t͡sʼulʕazajularo]/
0
|
цӀулгӀазабуларо
/[t͡sˀulʕazabularo]/
0
|
цӀулгӀазаруларо
/[t͡sʼulʕazarularo]/
0
|
| Durative |
цӀулгӀааризе
[t͡sˀulʕajarize]
0
|
|||
| Durative Negative |
цӀулгӀаариларо
[t͡sˀulʕajarilaro]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative |
цӀулгӀа-цӀулгӀазе
[t͡sˀulʕa-t͡sˀulʕaze]
0
|
|||
| Frequentative Negative |
цӀулгӀа-цӀулгӀаларо
[t͡sˀulʕa-t͡sˀulʕalaro]
0
|
|||